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    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parents of a preschool-age child who has asthma and a prescription for montelukast chewable tablets. Which statement by a parent indicates understanding of the teaching?
      A)
      I will have my child swallow the tablet whole every morning.
      B)
      I will be sure my child takes this medication with food.
      C)
      It will take several weeks for this medication to begin relieving my child's asthma.
      D)
      I will give my child the medication as soon as an asthma attack starts.
    2. Which statement best describes how pursed-lip breathing assists clients during an asthma attack?
      A)
      It helps to distract the client and reduce anxiety.
      B)
      It gets rid of carbon dioxide more quickly.
      C)
      The bronchioles are opened by backflow air pressure.
      D)
      It increases the serum oxygen levels.
    3. A nurse is preparing to obtain a sputum specimen for a client. Which action should the nurse plan to take?
      A)
      Collect the sputum specimen after a meal.
      B)
      Obtain the specimen from the client in the evening.
      C)
      Rinse the client's mouth before collecting the specimen.
      D)
      Save the sputum specimen in a non-sterile container.
    4. An albuterol inhaler is prescribed for a client with allergic asthma. The nurse reinforces instructions regarding the adverse effects of this medication. Which adverse effect is associated with this medication?
      A)
      Diarrhea.
      B)
      Tachycardia.
      C)
      Headache.
      D)
      Throat irritation.
    Page 1 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. A client is obese and has obstructive sleep apnea. A nurse is teaching the client how to decrease the number of apneic episodes they have at night. Which statement shows the client understands the instructions?
      A)
      I will use a humidifier beside my bed at night.
      B)
      I am going to try to lose about 50 pounds.
      C)
      I will sleep better if I take a sleeping pill at night.
      D)
      I am going to have a glass of red wine before bedtime.
    2. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about a new prescription for tiotropium for a client with advanced COPD. Which statement by the nurse accurately describes how this anticholinergic medication works?
      A)
      It reduces inflammation in your lungs to prevent long-term damage.
      B)
      It quickly opens your airways during an acute asthma attack or sudden shortness of breath.
      C)
      It blocks certain receptors to prevent the muscles around your airways from tightening.
      D)
      It helps to thin out the thick mucus in your lungs so you can cough it up more easily.
    3. The nurse monitors Ms. Aris for side effects associated with anticholinergic therapy. Which of the following findings should the nurse instruct the client to report?
      A)
      Frequent diarrhea and excessive salivation.
      B)
      Blurred vision and increased difficulty urinating.
      C)
      Slowed heart rate and increased sweating.
      D)
      Low blood pressure and a feeling of sleepiness.
    4. Ms. Aris is also prescribed fluticasone, which is an inhaled corticosteroid. The nurse is teaching the client how to use multiple inhalers. Which instruction is the most important to include?
      A)
      Use the bronchodilator first, then wait 5 minutes before using the steroid inhaler.
      B)
      Always use the fluticasone first to prepare the lungs for the other medications.
      C)
      You should wait at least 5 minutes between puffs of the same medication.
      D)
      Rinse your mouth with water only after using the albuterol inhaler.
    Page 2 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. A patient who has continuous nasal cannula oxygen therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease becomes extremely confused. Which diagnosis does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?
      A)
      Pneumothorax.
      B)
      Hemothorax.
      C)
      Hypoxia.
      D)
      Embolism.
    2. A nurse is caring for a client who has asthma and is taking fluticasone. The nurse should monitor for which adverse effect?
      A)
      Oral candidiasis.
      B)
      Hypertension.
      C)
      Polyuria.
      D)
      Hypoglycemia.
    3. A client calls the provider's office to schedule an appointment regarding laryngitis. Until the client can be examined later that morning, which advice by the nurse would be helpful?
      A)
      Take an aspirin.
      B)
      Massage your throat.
      C)
      Drink plenty of hot liquids.
      D)
      Rest your voice.
    4. When caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who is ordered continuous oxygen, which oxygen flow rate is MOST appropriate?
      A)
      5 liters/minute.
      B)
      8 liters/minute.
      C)
      2 liters/minute.
      D)
      10 liters/minute.
    Page 3 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. During a visit to the primary care provider's office, a client complains to the nurse that the provider would not prescribe an antibiotic for acute rhinitis. Which explanation to the client by the nurse is correct regarding the use of antibiotics?
      A)
      Antibiotics only prevent the spread of colds to others.
      B)
      Antibiotics are ineffective after cold symptoms develop.
      C)
      Antibiotics are ineffective in treating viral infections.
      D)
      Antibiotics are used only for immunosuppressed individuals.
    2. A nurse caring for a patient with obstructive sleep apnea received an order for CPAP while hospitalized and to use at home. The machine was delivered to the patient's room about 8 p.m. Which of these actions should the nurse implement next?
      A)
      Educate the patient to sleep on her side instead of her back.
      B)
      Discuss strategies to lose weight and a keto diet.
      C)
      Notify the healthcare provider about an order for modafinil to begin in the morning.
      D)
      Instruct the patient on how to set up the CPAP machine.
    3. A client is presenting with an acid-base disturbance. Arterial blood gases reveal the following values: pH 7.53, CO2 16, HCO3 13. The nurse interprets these values as indicating which primary problem?
      A)
      Respiratory acidosis.
      B)
      Respiratory alkalosis.
      C)
      Metabolic acidosis.
      D)
      Metabolic alkalosis.
    4. A patient admitted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 4 days ago was placed on a nasal cannula at 2 liters per minute. Upon assessment of the patient, his nares are crusted with secretions of dried blood and mucus. What intervention is priority by the nurse?
      A)
      Add humidification to the oxygen source.
      B)
      Remove the nasal cannula.
      C)
      Turn the oxygen flow rate up to 5 liters per minute.
      D)
      Apply petroleum jelly to the patient's nostrils.
    Page 4 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. Which statement made by the client demonstrates understanding of the use of oral mucolytics?
      A)
      This drug will stop me from coughing.
      B)
      I will not use a humidifier while taking this drug.
      C)
      I will drink at least 2 quarts of water while taking this drug.
      D)
      This drug will cause my urine to change color.
    2. A nurse is on their lunch break at a nearby table where two people are talking, laughing, and eating. Suddenly the nurse hears one person say to the other: "Hey! Are you alright?" Which behavior signals a need to intervene for choking?
      A)
      The person ran from the room.
      B)
      The person is waving their hands frantically with tachypnea.
      C)
      The person is vigorously coughing.
      D)
      The person has their hands over their throat and is unable to speak.
    3. A client is being evaluated to rule out pulmonary tuberculosis. Which finding is most closely associated with pulmonary tuberculosis?
      A)
      Non-productive cough.
      B)
      Skin discoloration.
      C)
      Leg cramps.
      D)
      Night sweats.
    4. The nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed asthma about using the prescribed drugs to manage acute asthma symptoms. Which client statement indicates teaching was effective?
      A)
      I will take my cromolyn sodium 5 minutes after asthma symptoms begin.
      B)
      I will take montelukast at the first sign of an asthma attack.
      C)
      I will take my decongestant and corticosteroid nasal spray each day.
      D)
      I will keep my short-acting bronchodilating inhaler with me at all times.
    Page 5 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is preparing to administer diphenhydramine 25 mg IM stat to a client who is having an allergic reaction. Available is diphenhydramine 50 mg/mL. How many milliliters should the nurse administer per dose?
    2. A client is scheduled to receive acetylcysteine solution by nebulizer. The nurse checks the client's room to ensure which equipment is available for use as needed following administration of this medication?
      A)
      Nasogastric tube.
      B)
      Ambu bag.
      C)
      Intubation tray.
      D)
      Suction equipment.
    3. The nurse is preparing a patient for discharge and educating her on supplemental oxygen safety. Which statement by the patient indicates additional teaching is needed?
      A)
      I can still smoke my nightly cigarette in bed with the oxygen on.
      B)
      I need to post oxygen in use signs by the doors to my house.
      C)
      The oxygen tanks need to be kept away from flames.
      D)
      I can use water-based lubricants by my nose.
    4. A client that was recently diagnosed with active tuberculosis is being sent home on combination therapy of Rifampin and Isoniazid. The nurse determines that the client needs additional education if the patient states:
      A)
      My urine, tears and saliva might turn orange.
      B)
      I will have to keep taking these medications until I have had three negative sputum cultures.
      C)
      I can continue to drink alcohol every night with my friends.
      D)
      I have to take both of these antibiotics, and I might have to be supervised to ensure compliance.
    Page 6 of 13