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    Exam Review

    1. The element necessary in the diet for proper thyroid function is
      A)
      Calcium
      B)
      Sodium
      C)
      Bromine
      D)
      lodine
      E)
      Potassium
    2. Parathyroid glands produce a hormone that
      A)
      stimulates the formation of white blood cells
      B)
      increases the level of calcium ions in the blood
      C)
      increases the level of sodium ions in the blood
      D)
      increases the level of potassium ions in the blood
      E)
      increases the level of glucose in the blood
    3. A 45-year-old woman comes to her physician complaining of nervousness and an unexplained weight loss of 25 pounds over the last 3 months, despite that she is not dieting or exercising. On her physical examination, the doctor notices protruding eyes, her skin is moist and warm and her fingers have a tremor. Compared to a normal individual, the biopsy of her thyroid gland would most likely reveal which of the following?
      A)
      Decreased evidence of endocytosis
      B)
      Decreased evidence of lysosomal activity
      C)
      A decrease in the size of the follicular cells
      D)
      A decrease in the cross-sectional area occupied by the colloid
      E)
      Decreased number of reabsorption lacunae
    4. Ferritin is a protein used to
      A)
      store iron in the liver
      B)
      absorb iron across intestinal cells
      C)
      oxidize iron in the peroxisomes
      D)
      transport iron in the blood
    Page 1 of 12

    Exam Review

    1. Place the following hormones in the correct order of their control, from first tier to third tier.
      A)
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) ->production of T3 and T4->thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
      B)
      thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ->production of T3 and T4,->thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
      C)
      thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)->thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) ->production of T3 and T4
      D)
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)->thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ->production of T3 and T4
    2. When the ovaries secrete estrogen in response to the hormone GnRH, this is an example of
      A)
      Hormonal
      B)
      Neural
      C)
      Negative Feedback
      D)
      Humoral
    3. Which of the following antibodies would you find in the plasma of a person with type O blood?
      A)
      anti-A and anti-B
      B)
      anti-A
      C)
      anti-B
      D)
      Not enough information to answer
    4. In the diagram of the thyroid gland, Which letter indicates the follicles with colloids?
      A)
      A
      B)
      B
      C)
      C
      D)
      D
      E)
      E
    Page 2 of 12

    Exam Review

    1. Which of the following hormones stimulates the proliferation of red blood cells in red bone marrow?
      A)
      human growth hormone (hGH)
      B)
      calcitonin (CT)
      C)
      erythropoietin (EPO)
      D)
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
    2. Hormones that control the function of the anterior pituitary gland are released from the
      A)
      Thalamus
      B)
      Hypothalamus
      C)
      Basal ganglia
      D)
      Spinal cord
      E)
      Hippocampus
    3. What is a function of calcitonin?
      A)
      Accelerates Ca2+ release from bone
      B)
      Stimulates Ca2+ excretion by the kidneys
      C)
      Increases Ca2+ deposition in bone
      D)
      Stimulates the formation of calcitriol in the kidneys
    4. Steroid hormones exert their action by.
      A)
      entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene
      B)
      finding an appropriate cell receptor and initiating cAMP activity
      C)
      stimulating the synthesis of a glycogen
      D)
      increasing blood pressure
    Page 3 of 12

    Exam Review

    1. The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract,
      A)
      is the vascular connection between the anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus
      B)
      is the neural connection between the hypothalamus and the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)
      C)
      conducts aldosterone to the hypophysis
      D)
      is the site of prolactin synthesis
    2. The hormones known as "catecholamines" (adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine) are not lipid-soluble. Therefore their receptor sites are:
      A)
      On the inside of the plasma membrane
      B)
      On the outside of the plasma membrane
      C)
      in the cell cytoplasm
      D)
      in the cell nucleus
    3. Match the following:
      A)
      Aldosterone
      B)
      Cortisol
      C)
      Androgen
    4. The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on.
      A)
      the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path.
      B)
      the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ.
      C)
      the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ.
      D)
      Nothing, all hormones of the human body are able to stimulate any and all cell types because hormones are powerful and nonspecific.
    Page 4 of 12

    Exam Review

    1. Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the
      A)
      hepatic portal system
      B)
      coronary circulatory system
      C)
      hypophyseal portal system
      D)
      hypothalamus-hypophysial tract
    2. Which is the fate of the iron (Fe3) that is released during the breakdown of damaged red blood cells and the recycling of the hemoglobin?
      A)
      It is transported to the liver and becomes part of the bile
      B)
      It is converted in stercobilin and gives color to the feces
      C)
      It is used to synthesize proteins
      D)
      It attaches to transferrin and is transported to bone marrow for use in hemoglobin synthesis
    3. Match the following:
      A)
      Human Growth Hormone
      B)
      Thyroid-Stimulating hormone
      C)
      Follicle-stimulating hormone
      D)
      Luteinizing hormone
    4. Match the cells in the diagram to their respective functions.
      A)
      Cell #1
      B)
      Cell #2
      C)
      Cell #3
      D)
      Cell #4
      E)
      Cell #5
    Page 5 of 12

    Exam Review

    1. Which of the following statements is the first step in the synthesis and secretion of T3 and T4?
      A)
      Synthesis of thyroglobulin by the follicular cells
      B)
      Oxidation of iodide by the follicular cells
      C)
      Coupling of T1 and T2
      D)
      lodide trapping by the follicular cells
    2. Which of the following situations could result in maternal antibodies attacking fetal blood cells during a second pregnancy?
      A)
      Mom is Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-positive
      B)
      Mom is Rh-negative and fetus is Rh-positive
      C)
      Mom is Rh-negative and fetus is Rh-negative
      D)
      Mom is Rh-positive and fetus is Rh-negative
    3. A patient came to the ER in hypovolemic shock due to massive blood loss. A blood transfusion is urgently needed. The image below shows agglutination test results using Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-D serums. Based on these results, what is the patient's blood type?
      A)
      B negative
      B)
      AB positive
      C)
      A positive
      D)
      O negative
    4. Which of the following is an indirect effect of PTH?
      A)
      Activating vitamin D
      B)
      Increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidney
      C)
      Increasing calcium absorption in the intestines
      D)
      Increasing osteoclast activity
    Page 6 of 12