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    Exam Review

    1. Which of the following cartilages is largest?
      A)
      Corniculate cartilage
      B)
      Epiglottic cartilage
      C)
      Thyroid cartilage
      D)
      Cricoid cartilage
      E)
      Arytenoid cartilage
    2. Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
      A)
      Nasal vestibule
      B)
      Nasal cavity
      C)
      Nasal concha
      D)
      Sphenoid sinus
    3. Which of the following would lead to anemic hypoxia?
      A)
      Sickle-cell disease
      B)
      Emphysema
      C)
      Squamous-cell carcinoma
      D)
      Asthma
      E)
      Atelectasis
    4. Hypocapnia will lead to which of the following conditions?
      A)
      Hypoventilation due to acidosis
      B)
      Hypoventilation due to alkalosis
      C)
      Hyperventilation due to acidosis
      D)
      Hyperventilation due to alkalosis
      E)
      Hypocapnia does not affect ventilation rate.
    Page 1 of 10

    Exam Review

    1. The lungs have a total of five
      A)
      segmental bronchi
      B)
      choanae
      C)
      laryngeal cartilages
      D)
      lobes
      E)
      tracheal cartilages
    2. Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
      A)
      Oropharynx
      B)
      Nasopharynx
      C)
      Hypopharynx
      D)
      Esophagus
    3. Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
      A)
      Liver
      B)
      Stomach
      C)
      Spleen
      D)
      Diaphragm
    4. Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
      A)
      Transverse colon
      B)
      Ascending colon
      C)
      Descending colon
      D)
      Ileum
    Page 2 of 10

    Exam Review

    1. Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
      A)
      Small intestine
      B)
      Large intestine
      C)
      Rectum
      D)
      Caecum
    2. The ▾ pyloric sphincter regulates the flow of contents from the stomach to the duodenum.
      Dropdown 1:
      Option 1: gastric rugae
      Option 2: antrum
      Option 3: pyloric sphincter
      Option 4: fundus
      Option 5: cardial part
    3. dropdown yield about 4 kcal/g when completely oxidized, whereas dropdown yield about 9 kcal/g.
    4. A 78-year-old woman was found unconscious on the floor of her Philadelphia apartment in August. The temperature outside is 102 degrees Fahrenheit, and the relative humidity is 94%. The woman's skin is hot and dry. Which of the following conditions is she most likely suffering from?
      A)
      Heat exhaustion
      B)
      Heat stroke
      C)
      Hypothermia
      D)
      Heat cramps
      E)
      Fever
    Page 3 of 10

    Exam Review

    1. Which of the following is the healthiest ratio of triglycerides?
      A)
      High HDL: low LDL
      B)
      High LDL: low HDL
      C)
      High LDL: low chylomicron
      D)
      High SFA: low HDL
      E)
      High chylomicron: low LDL
    2. Glycogenesis is stimulated by dropdown whereas glycogenolysis is stimulated by dropdown
    3. Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
      A)
      Renal medulla
      B)
      Renal papilla
      C)
      Renal cortex
      D)
      Major calyx
    4. Hypocalcemia stimulates
      A)
      a decrease in aldosterone production
      B)
      secretion of parathyroid hormone
      C)
      secretion of renin
      D)
      an increase in blood urea nitrogen
      E)
      vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
    Page 4 of 10

    Exam Review

    1. Normal urine from a healthy person should not contain
      A)
      creatinine
      B)
      urobilin
      C)
      glucose
      D)
      ammonia
      E)
      magnesium
    2. Micturition is another term for
      A)
      the production of nitrogenous wastes
      B)
      glomerular filtration
      C)
      the countercurrent multiplier process
      D)
      inflammation of the urinary bladder
      E)
      the elimination of urine
    3. Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
      A)
      Renal hilum
      B)
      Renal sinus
      C)
      Major calyx
      D)
      Renal papilla
    4. Which of the following can prolonged exposure to cold weather lead to?
      A)
      Fluid sequestration in the upper limbs
      B)
      Hypotonic hydration
      C)
      Hypervolemia
      D)
      Increased sensible water loss
      E)
      Increased respiratory water loss
    Page 5 of 10

    Exam Review

    1. Fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic neurons called
      A)
      baroreceptors
      B)
      proprioceptors
      C)
      nociceptors
      D)
      osmoreceptors
      E)
      Mechanoreceptors
    2. Chronic vomiting can lead to which of the following?
      A)
      Metabolic acidosis
      B)
      Metabolic alkalosis
      C)
      Respiratory alkalosis
      D)
      Respiratory acidosis
      E)
      Lymphatic alkalosis
    3. Emphysema can lead to which of the following?
      A)
      Metabolic acidosis
      B)
      Metabolic alkalosis
      C)
      Respiratory alkalosis
      D)
      Respiratory acidosis
      E)
      Digestive alkalosis
    4. What is the most significant solute in determining the distribution of water among fluid compartments?
      A)
      Na+
      B)
      Cl-
      C)
      Ca2+
      D)
      K+
      E)
      Pi
    Page 6 of 10