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    Exam Review

    1. What is the best explanation for the microvilli on the apical surface of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
      A)
      Their movements propel the filtrate through the tubules.
      B)
      They move materials from the filtrate to the blood plasma
      C)
      They increase the surface area and allow for a greater volume of filtrate components to be reabsorbed.
      D)
      They hold on to enzymes that cleanse the filtrate before reabsorption.
      E)
      They increase the amount of surface area that comes in contact with the blood's plasma to help actively excrete toxins.
    2. Which of the following is NOT associated with the renal corpuscle?
      A)
      a podocyte
      B)
      an efferent arteriole
      C)
      a fenestrated capillary
      D)
      glomerular capsule
      E)
      a vasa recta
    3. The urinary bladder is composed of
      A)
      transitional ET
      B)
      simple squamous ET
      C)
      simple cuboidal ET
      D)
      stratified squamous ET
      E)
      pseudostratified columnar ET epithelium.
    4. The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin
      A)
      when the peritubular capillaries are dilated
      B)
      when the pH of the urine decreases
      C)
      by the increase in blood pressure
      D)
      when the specific gravity of urine rises above 1.10
      E)
      by a decrease in the blood pressure
    Page 1 of 19

    Exam Review

    1. Which of the choices below is NOT a function of the urinary system?
      A)
      helps maintain homeostasis by controlling the composition, volume, and pressure of blood
      B)
      regulates blood glucose levels and produces hormones
      C)
      maintains blood osmolarity
      D)
      eliminates solid, undigested wastes and excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat
    2. The renal corpuscle is made up of
      A)
      Bowman's capsule and glomerulus
      B)
      the renal pyramid
      C)
      the descending nephron loop
      D)
      the kidney cortex and medulla
      E)
      the renal papilla
    3. The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the
      A)
      collecting duct
      B)
      nephron
      C)
      capsular space
      D)
      nephron loop
      E)
      glomerular capsule
    4. The glomerular capsular space contains
      A)
      plasma
      B)
      urine
      C)
      blood
      D)
      filtrate
    Page 2 of 19

    Exam Review

    1. The macula densa cells respond to
      A)
      antidiuretic hormone
      B)
      changes in pressure in the tubule
      C)
      aldosterone
      D)
      changes in Na+ content of the filtrate
      E)
      renin concentration
    2. The fluid in glomerular capsule is similar to plasma except that it does NOT contain a significant amount of
      A)
      hormones
      B)
      plasma protein
      C)
      glucose
      D)
      electrolytes
    3. The function of angiotensin II is to
      A)
      decrease the production of aldosterone
      B)
      decrease water absorption
      C)
      decrease arterial blood pressure
      D)
      constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure
      E)
      increase the production of ADH
    4. Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body. 1. major calyx 2. minor calyx 3. nephron 4. urethra 5. ureter 6. collecting duct
      A)
      3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4
      B)
      2, 1, 3, 6, 5, 4
      C)
      3, 1, 2, 6, 5, 4
      D)
      6, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4
      E)
      5. ureter
    Page 3 of 19

    Exam Review

    1. Which of the following hormones acting on the collecting duct is most responsible for retaining sodium ions in the blood?
      A)
      atrial natriuretic peptide
      B)
      parathyroid hormone
      C)
      antidiuretic hormone
      D)
      aldosterone
      E)
      renin
    2. The factor that promotes filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the
      A)
      myogenic mechanism
      B)
      colloid osmotic pressure of the blood
      C)
      capsular hydrostatic pressure
      D)
      glomerular hydrostatic pressure
    3. Except for potassium ions, tubular secretion of most unwanted substances occurs in
      A)
      the
      B)
      nephron loop
      C)
      proximal convoluted tubule
      D)
      collecting duct
      E)
      glomerulus
    4. Which of the choices below is NOT a glomerular filtration rate control method?
      A)
      neural regulation
      B)
      hormonal regulation
      C)
      electrolyte levels
      D)
      renal autoregulation
    Page 4 of 19

    Exam Review

    1. Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it
      A)
      is not reabsorbed by the tubule cells
      B)
      increases the rate of glomerular filtration
      C)
      increases secretion of ADH
      D)
      inhibits the release of ADH
    2. All of the following things occur during meiosis I. Select the statement below that does NOT occur during meiosis I.
      A)
      The sister chromatids are separated from each other.
      B)
      Portions of maternal chromosomes crossover with equivalent portions of paternal chromosomes.
      C)
      The homologous chromosomes are separated from each other.
      D)
      A single diploid (2n) nucleus has become two haploid (n) nuclei.
    3. Which of the following statements is true of metaphase I of meiosis I?
      A)
      Joined homologous pair uniformly line up on the equatorial spindle with chromosome one at the top and chromosome 23 on the bottom.
      B)
      Tetrads align randomly on the spindle equator with all the maternal homologs on one side and all the paternal homologs on the opposite side.
      C)
      Homologous pairs align randomly on the spindle equator with a mix of paternal and maternal homologs destined for each of the daughter cells.
      D)
      The sister chromatids line up randomly on the spindle equator with some maternal and paternal chromatids on both sides of the equator.
    4. The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. Which of the following best describes the role they play?
      A)
      They regulate the temperature of the testes.
      B)
      They contract to allow ejaculation.
      C)
      They contract to push sperm along the ductus deferens.
      D)
      They are responsible for penile erection.
    Page 5 of 19

    Exam Review

    1. Which of the following glands are responsible for producing 70% of semen volume?
      A)
      the prostate
      B)
      the pituitary
      C)
      the epididymis
      D)
      the seminal vesicles
      E)
      the bulbourethral glands
    2. The oral contraceptive pill, informally called "the pill," contains an estrogen and progesterone, or a synthetic mimic of this hormone. The combination of these two hormones, taken in the pill and circulating in the blood, works because
      A)
      the hormones create an acid condition in the vagina that acts as a spermicide
      B)
      the hormones prevent the proliferative or secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and the embryo will have no place to implant
      C)
      the hormones cause the woman's body to mimic the activities of a pregnancy and disrupt the ovarian cycle, preventing ovulation
      D)
      the hormones cause a thickening of the mucus plug at the cervix that prevents sperm from penetrating the womb and reaching the ovulated egg
    3. Human egg and sperm are similar in that
      A)
      they are about the same size
      B)
      they have the same number of chromosomes
      C)
      about the same number of each is produced per month
      D)
      they have the same degree of motility
    4. Fertilization generally occurs in the
      A)
      uterus
      B)
      vagina
      C)
      ovary
      D)
      uterine tubes
      E)
      secondary oocyte
    Page 6 of 19