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    Exam Review

    1. Which factor does NOT influence microbiome composition?
      A)
      Genetics
      B)
      Eye Color
      C)
      Diet
      D)
      Age
    2. During which phase does DNA replication occur?
      A)
      Anaphase
      B)
      Mitosis
      C)
      Cytokinesis
      D)
      Interphase
    3. Which term refers to the study of body function?
      A)
      Pathology
      B)
      Anatomy
      C)
      Cytology
      D)
      Physiology
    4. How are humans first colonized by microbes?
      A)
      During adolescence
      B)
      Through diet only
      C)
      After age 5
      D)
      At birth
    Page 1 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?
      A)
      14
      B)
      5
      C)
      1
      D)
      7
    2. Which tissue type forms the skin's outer layer?
      A)
      Muscle
      B)
      Epithelial
      C)
      Nervous
      D)
      Connective
    3. Which Latin root means "arm"?
      A)
      Carpi
      B)
      Tarsal
      C)
      Brachii
      D)
      Nasal
    4. The term "ventral" refers to which aspect of the human body?
      A)
      Toward the back
      B)
      Toward the head
      C)
      Toward the front
      D)
      Toward the side
    Page 2 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. Dysbiosis refers to:
      A)
      A balanced microbiome
      B)
      Microbe overgrowth in culture
      C)
      Microbial imbalance that may cause disease
      D)
      Increased immunity
    2. The term "meta-host" refers to:
      A)
      Only the human genome
      B)
      None of the above
      C)
      A single cell
      D)
      Human plus microbiome as a functional unit
    3. Which tissue lines body surfaces and forms glands?
      A)
      Muscle
      B)
      Connective
      C)
      Epithelial
      D)
      Nervous
    4. Which area is considered sterile in healthy adults?
      A)
      Blood
      B)
      Skin
      C)
      Mouth
      D)
      Gut
    Page 3 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. The smallest living unit in the body is:
      A)
      Cell
      B)
      Organ
      C)
      System
      D)
      Tissue
    2. The basic unit of life is the:
      A)
      Atom
      B)
      Organelle
      C)
      Molecule
      D)
      Cell
    3. Which cavity contains the brain?
      A)
      Cranial
      B)
      Abdominal
      C)
      Pelvic
      D)
      Thoracic
    4. What is the function of stem cells in tissues?
      A)
      Store calcium
      B)
      Cause disease
      C)
      Replace/repair damaged cells
      D)
      Transmit impulses
    Page 4 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. Which germ layer produces nervous tissue?
      A)
      Ectoderm
      B)
      Endoderm
      C)
      Mesoderm
      D)
      Epithelium
    2. Which process moves substances against a concentration gradient?
      A)
      Osmosis
      B)
      Active transport
      C)
      Diffusion
      D)
      Filtration
    3. Which macromolecule is the main source of energy for most cellular processes?
      A)
      Carbohydrate
      B)
      Protein
      C)
      Lipid
      D)
      Nucleic acid
    4. Which body system provides support and movement?
      A)
      Muscular
      B)
      Lymphatic
      C)
      Skeletal
      D)
      Endocrine
    Page 5 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. Which organelle packages proteins for export?
      A)
      Ribosome
      B)
      Nucleolus
      C)
      Golgi apparatus
      D)
      Centriole
    2. Lysosomes are best described as:
      A)
      Digestive organelles
      B)
      Protein factories
      C)
      Transporters
      D)
      Protein factories
    3. Microbes benefit humans by.
      A)
      Causing only infections
      B)
      Making us sick
      C)
      Producing vitamins and aiding immunity
      D)
      Blocking oxygen
    4. Which directional term describes a structure closer to the head?
      A)
      Inferior
      B)
      Proximal
      C)
      Superior
      D)
      Distal
    Page 6 of 13