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    Exam Review

    1. Which of the following arrhythmias would most likely require electrical cardioversion?
      A)
      Ventricular fibrillation
      B)
      First-degree heart block
      C)
      Sinus tachycardia
      D)
      Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate
    2. A patient with chronic kidney disease is experiencing hyperkalemia. What nursing intervention should be implemented first?
      A)
      Administer a potassium-wasting diuretic.
      B)
      Encourage the patient to avoid potassium-rich foods.
      C)
      Prepare to administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate.
      D)
      Initiate cardiac monitoring.
    3. What is the most appropriate nursing action to evaluate the effectiveness of a bronchodilator in a patient with asthma?
      A)
      Assess skin turgor for any dehydration signs.
      B)
      Monitor blood pressure and heart rate for changes.
      C)
      Measure the patient's peak expiratory flow rate before and after treatment.
      D)
      Check the patient's capillary refill time
    4. A weight-based pediatric medication prescribes 50 mg/kg/day for a child who weighs 44 lbs. Calculate the total daily dosage.
      A)
      1000 mg/day
      B)
      500 mg/day
      C)
      1200 mg/day
      D)
      880 mg/day
    Page 1 of 25

    Exam Review

    1. Which finding in a postoperative patient suggests an urgent need to apply oxygen therapy?
      A)
      Patient requests additional pain medication
      B)
      SpO2 level drops below 90%
      C)
      Mild discomfort at the surgical site
      D)
      Heart rate increases slightly after walking
    2. What safety issue is most important to address for a patient with severe hyponatremia?
      A)
      Risk of aspiration during oral intake.
      B)
      Risk of skin breakdown due to immobility.
      C)
      Risk of seizure activity.
      D)
      Risk of hypovolemia due to fluid loss.
    3. A patient presents with excessive thirst, confusion, and muscle weakness. Upon assessment, their serum sodium level is found to be elevated. Which nursing intervention should be prioritized to address this patient's condition?
      A)
      Administer a diuretic to promote sodium excretion.
      B)
      Implement seizure precautions for safety.
      C)
      Provide oral fluid intake to encourage hydration.
      D)
      Administer isotonic saline solution as ordered.
    4. A patient presents with signs of hypocalcemia, including tetany and positive Chvostek's sign. What intervention should the nurse prioritize?
      A)
      Administer IV calcium gluconate as prescribed.
      B)
      Monitor the patient's serum calcium levels daily.
      C)
      Provide calcium-rich dietary education for the patient.
      D)
      Encourage the use of oral calcium supplements.
    Page 2 of 25

    Exam Review

    1. Using the formula [(Volume in mL/Infusion Time in minutes) x 60], calculate the IV infusion rate required to deliver 150 mL over 30 minutes. What flow rate should the nurse set on the pump?
      A)
      150 mL/hr
      B)
      300 mL/hr
      C)
      200 mL/hr
      D)
      450 mL/hr
    2. What intervention is most effective in preventing sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
      A)
      Implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).
      B)
      Daily administration of diuretics to reduce fluid retention.
      C)
      Beta-blocker therapy to improve blood pressure control.
      D)
      Lifestyle modifications, including reduced salt intake and exercise.
    3. What action should a nurse prioritize when noticing excessive oral secretions in a patient recovering from anesthesia?
      A)
      Notify the surgical team immediately
      B)
      Restrict oral intake until secretions are controlled
      C)
      Immediately administer anti-emetics
      D)
      Assist the patient with positioning to maintain airway patency
    4. A patient undergoing elective surgery expresses anxiety about postoperative complications. What is the nurse's priority action to address this concern?
      A)
      Encourage the patient to take sedative medication before surgery.
      B)
      Provide the patient with general information about surgical complications.
      C)
      Explain the steps of the preoperative safety protocol and discuss individualized postoperative care goals.
      D)
      Distract the patient by discussing their hobbies.
    Page 3 of 25

    Exam Review

    1. Which intervention must the nurse prioritize for a hypertensive patient with coronary artery disease?
      A)
      Administer antihistamines to reduce vascular inflammation.
      B)
      Promote stress reduction activities and monitor for chest pain.
      C)
      Encourage a low fiber diet
      D)
      Instruct the patient to stop all lower extremity exercises.
    2. For a patient with asthma experiencing an acute attack, which intervention should the nurse prioritize to ensure open airways?
      A)
      Provide supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula.
      B)
      Administer short-acting beta-agonists such as albuterol.
      C)
      Administer long-acting beta-agonists.
      D)
      Place the patient in a high Fowler's position.
    3. A nurse is calculating the pediatric dose for a medication prescribed at 10 mg/kg for a client weighing 12 kg. What is the correct dose to administer?
      A)
      150 mg
      B)
      100 mg
      C)
      120 mg
      D)
      200 mg
    4. A patient with tricuspid valve stenosis is experiencing systemic edema and jugular vein distension. Which nursing intervention is most crucial?
      A)
      Increase fluid intake to maintain hydration.
      B)
      Ambulate the patient frequently to mobilize fluids.
      C)
      Administer potassium supplements to prevent hypokalemia.
      D)
      Monitor daily weight to assess fluid retention.
    Page 4 of 25

    Exam Review

    1. A patient recovering from cardiac surgery is showing signs of decreased cardiac output and related complications. Which nursing intervention should the nurse prioritize to ensure patient safety and promote recovery?
      A)
      Administer high-dose diuretics to manage fluid overload immediately.
      B)
      Encourage the patient to ambulate as soon as possible to promote circulation.
      C)
      Monitor vital signs closely and assess for signs of inadequate perfusion.
      D)
      Administer oxygen therapy as prescribed without further assessment.
    2. A client is prescribed heparin 20 units/kg/hr continuous IV infusion. The client weighs 150 lbs. Available: heparin 50 units/mL. How many mL/hr should the nurse administer via infusion pump?
      A)
      25.0 mL/hr
      B)
      27.2 mL/hr
      C)
      30.0 mL/hr
      D)
      22.5 mL/hr
    3. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for a patient with hypertension who has a history of nonadherence to prescribed medications?
      A)
      Advise the patient to avoid all physical activity until they start taking medications consistently.
      B)
      Assess the patient's understanding of their medication regimen and provide education.
      C)
      Switch the patient's medication to a lower dose.
      D)
      Delay treatment until the patient demonstrates improved compliance.
    4. A patient is diagnosed with aortic regurgitation and presents with fatigue and palpitations. What is the priority diagnostic test?
      A)
      12-lead ECG.
      B)
      Chest X-ray.
      C)
      Echocardiogram.
      D)
      Cardiac catheterization.
    Page 5 of 25

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse observes a patient presenting with shallow breathing, cyanosis, and confusion after undergoing surgery. What critical thinking process should the nurse prioritize to determine the next step?
      A)
      Assess respiratory rate and oxygen saturation.
      B)
      Administer pain medication to help with discomfort.
      C)
      Reassure the patient and offer emotional support.
      D)
      Focus on completing the discharge planning process.
    2. Why is auscultation of heart sounds critical in diagnosing valvular disorders?
      A)
      It measures cardiac output
      B)
      It evaluates ventricular size
      C)
      It measures blood pressure
      D)
      It detects heart murmurs
    3. Which diagnostic test provides the most accurate assessment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
      A)
      CT scan of the thorax.
      B)
      Electrocardiogram (ECG).
      C)
      Chest X-ray.
      D)
      Echocardiogram with Doppler imaging.
    4. A patient is admitted with dehydration and hypokalemia. What intervention should the nurse prioritize?
      A)
      Encourage the patient to eat potassium-rich foods.
      B)
      Measure daily weight to monitor fluid status.
      C)
      Monitor cardiac rhythm using continuous telemetry.
      D)
      Administer oral fluids to correct dehydration.
    Page 6 of 25