Exam Review

When preparing a patient with atrial fibrillation for a cardioversion procedure, the nurse should ensure that:
A)
Anticoagulation therapy has been administered.
B)
The patient's head is elevated to 90 degrees.
C)
The patient remains NPO for three days.
D)
The patient is positioned in a left lateral position
A pediatric patient weighing 20 kg is prescribed a medication at a dose of 10 mg/kg. The medication is available in a solution of 100 mg/mL. How many milliliters should be administered?
Correct Answer:2 mL
A nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone valvular heart surgery. Which of the following assessments is the most critical for identifying potential complications in the postoperative period?
A)
Evaluating the patient's electrolyte levels periodically.
B)
Assessing the patient's heart sounds for any abnormal murmurs.
C)
Monitoring the patient's surgical site for signs of infection.
D)
Assessing the patient's pain levels and managing pain appropriately.
A patient is recovering from coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Which nursing intervention is crucial during the early postoperative phase?
A)
Minimize ambulation to prevent stress on the incisions.
B)
Encourage deep breathing and coughing exercises regularly.
C)
Allow the patient to sleep continuously without interruptions.
D)
Ensure the patient remains strictly NPO for 48 hours.

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Exam Review

A patient with restrictive cardiomyopathy presents with fatigue and dyspnea. What pathophysiological mechanism primarily contributes to these symptoms?
A)
Impaired diastolic filling due to rigid ventricular walls.
B)
Ventricular tachycardia.
C)
Increased myocardial contractility.
D)
Volume overload from regurgitant valves.
A patient exhibits signs of acute heart failure, including dyspnea and peripheral edema. Which nursing intervention should be prioritized to alleviate the patient's symptoms?
A)
Administer a high-sodium diet to enhance energy levels.
B)
Increase the patient's intravenous fluid rate to improve circulation.
C)
Encourage the patient to ambulate to improve cardiovascular tone.
D)
Administer a diuretic as prescribed to reduce fluid overload.
Which strategies should a nurse include in the discharge teaching plan for a patient with congestive heart failure?
(SATA)
A)
Limit sodium intake according to dietary guidelines.
B)
Understand prescribed medication regimens.
C)
Consume excessive fluid to improve circulation.
D)
Engage in daily moderate exercise, as recommended by the healthcare provider.
E)
Contact the healthcare provider if symptoms worsen or new ones arise.
F)
Monitor daily weight changes and report significant increases.
G)
Ignore symptoms of fatigue as they are normal.
H)
Restrict potassium-rich foods completely.
Key assessments performed for a client experiencing a potential cardiac event include which of the following?
(SATA)
A)
Measuring height and weight.
B)
Inspecting skin for lesions.
C)
Evaluating laboratory tests like Troponin I.
D)
Auscultating heart sounds.
E)
Checking peripheral pulses.
F)
Monitoring cardiac rhythm.

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Exam Review

For a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which therapeutic intervention is commonly advised?
A)
Consistent use of beta-blockers.
B)
Daily aspirin regimen.
C)
Encourage regular high-intensity exercise.
D)
Diet high in potassium.
A nurse is caring for a client post-cardiac surgery who has developed slight hypotension and a decreased urine output. Which of the following actions should the nurse prioritize to evaluate the client's condition?
A)
Increase the patient's IV fluid rate to prevent dehydration.
B)
Administer a prescribed dose of diuretics to enhance urine output.
C)
Check the patient's surgical site for signs of bleeding.
D)
Assess the patient's pain level and administer analgesics as needed.
A patient is being evaluated for signs of heart failure. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be indicative of left-sided heart failure?
A)
Hepatomegaly and ascites.
B)
Peripheral edema and jugular vein distension.
C)
Shortness of breath and pulmonary congestion.
D)
Cyanosis and bradycardia.
A patient with aortic stenosis is experiencing syncope. What is the primary pathophysiological cause for this symptom?
A)
Reduced cardiac output due to obstructed blood flow.
B)
Pulmonary congestion.
C)
Increased myocardial oxygen demand.
D)
Right ventricular hypertrophy.

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Exam Review

Which part of the heart's conduction system directly stimulates the ventricular myocardium to contract?
A)
Bundle Branches.
B)
AV Node.
C)
SA Node.
D)
Purkinje fibers.
A nurse assesses a patient with chronic venous insufficiency.Which diagnostic test is most relevant?
A)
CT Scan of the legs.
B)
Ankle-brachial index (ABI).
C)
Venography.
D)
Doppler ultrasound.
A 65-year-old patient presents with sudden onset chest pain, shortness of breath, and diaphoresis. Which of the following assessments would be most critical for the nurse to perform first in suspected acute myocardial infarction?
A)
Check the patient's blood pressure and pulse.
B)
Administer aspirin to reduce clot formation.
C)
Initiate oxygen therapy to improve oxygenation.
D)
Obtain an electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess for ST elevation.
What is the primary nursing assessment immediately post-cardiac surgery to detect complications?
A)
Monitoring for acute changes in blood pressure and heart rhythm.
B)
Monitoring for signs of infection at the incision site.
C)
Evaluating patient's pain level every hour.
D)
Assessing for decreased urine output.

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Exam Review

When reviewing the laboratory results of a patient suspected of having myocarditis, which finding should the nurse anticipate?
A)
Reduced renal function markers.
B)
Elevated troponin levels.
C)
High serum potassium levels.
D)
Increased white blood cell count.
When evaluating a patient with chronic heart failure and aortic regurgitation, which symptom is most directly correlated with aortic valve insufficiency?
A)
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.
B)
Bounding pulses.
C)
Palpitations.
D)
Peripheral cyanosis.
When planning preoperative cardiac care for a patient with mitral valve prolapse, which intervention should the nurse prioritize?
A)
Conduct regular glucose monitoring.
B)
Educate the patient on the importance of antibiotic prophylaxis.
C)
Encourage increased fluid intake.
D)
Initiate a low-sodium diet.
Where does the electrical impulse originate in a normal heart rhythm?
A)
Purkinje fibers.
B)
SA Node.
C)
AV Node.
D)
Atrium.

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Exam Review

Which therapeutic interventions are most appropriate for a patient with acute decompensated heart failure? (Select all that apply.)
A)
Providing supplemental oxygen therapy.
B)
Performing daily weight assessments.
C)
Encouraging high sodium foods.
D)
Administering intravenous diuretics.
E)
Discontinuing all cardiac medications.
F)
Administering beta blockers immediately.
G)
Promoting bed rest during fluid overload.
A nurse is preparing to administer lactated Ringer's (LR) IV 100 mL over 15 minutes. What should the nurse set the IV infusion pump to deliver in mL/hr?
After cardiac surgery, a patient reports moderate incisional pain and limited ability to deep breathe. What is the most appropriate nursing action?
A)
Apply heat therapy to the incision to ease discomfort.
B)
Reassess the patient's pain score in 30 minutes before altering care.
C)
Reduce physical activity to minimize pain trigger.
D)
Administer prescribed analgesics and encourage deep breathing exercises.
In preparing a patient for an echocardiogram, which instructions should the nurse prioritize?
A)
Instruct the patient to drink plenty of fluids before the test.
B)
Emphasize the necessity of wearing metallic clothing.
C)
Advise the patient to refrain from all medications the morning of the test.
D)
Explain that the procedure is non-invasive and painless.

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