Exam Review
- Given the high incidence of delirium in older adults with alcohol use disorder, what is the best approach to reduce the risk in hospitalized patients?A)Limit fluid intakeB)Adhering to a strict daily routineC)Immediate physical therapyD)Regular cognitive assessments
- An older adult client with a history of alcohol abuse presents with tremors, anxiety, and confusion. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize?A)Administer thiamine supplementB)Arrange for a psychiatric consultC)Initiate seizure precautionsD)Start IV fluids with electrolytes
- A patient with dementia is prescribed Donepezil 10 mg PO daily for memory enhancement. The medication available is Donepezil 5 mg tablets How many tablets should the nurse administer?A)3 tabletsB)4 tabletsC)1 tabletD)2 tablets
- A client admitted with delirium tremens reports visual hallucinations and appears fearful. Which intervention demonstrates a therapeutic nursing approach?A)Provide a calm and safe environment with frequent reorientation.B)Reassure the client by stating the hallucinations are not real.C)Ignore the hallucinations and focus on monitoring vital signs.D)Administer sedatives only when the client becomes combative.
Exam Review
- In which condition might a patient experience apraxia?A)Delirium.B)Pseudodementia.C)Alzheimer's disease.D)Bipolar disorder.
- Which tool is most appropriate for assessing cognitive decline in a patient suspected of having a neurocognitive disorder?A)EKG (Electrocardiogram)B)Electroencephalogram (EEG)C)Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)D)Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- A client with moderate Alzheimer's starts showing increased confusion and agitation during the late afternoon. What is the most appropriate nursing action to address these symptoms of sundowning?A)Increase evening lighting.B)Increase fluid intake.C)Provide a calm and quiet environment.D)Restrict outdoor activities.
- What is a key feature of agnosia in neurocognitive disorders?A)Inability to plan and organize tasks.B)Persistent difficulty in reading written language.C)Inability to recognize familiar objects or people.D)Loss of the ability to perform tasks requiring motor skills.
Exam Review
- An older adult with chronic alcohol misuse is about to undergo surgery. How should the nurse manage potential complications related to their alcohol use disorder?A)Increase fluid intake pre-surgeryB)Conduct a comprehensive medication reviewC)Encourage ambulation post-surgery to prevent deliriumD)Administer a preoperative sedative
- A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has Alzheimer's disease and is in the terminal phase. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?A)Unable to sit upB)Speech degrades to a few wordsC)Requires cueing to eatD)Needs assistance with finances
- Which symptom is most characteristic of Lewy body dementia that differentiates it from Alzheimer's disease?A)Visual hallucinationsB)Progressive memory lossC)Early difficulty with social cognitionD)Gradual loss of language
- Which condition is characterized by progressive cognitive decline due to deposition of abnormal proteins in the brain?A)Bipolar disorder.B)Alzheimer's disease.C)DeliriumD)Pseudodementia.
Exam Review
- A nurse is speaking with the caregiver of a client who has dementia and is experiencing anosmia. Which of the following information should the nurse provide about strategies for managing the client's anosmia?A)Encourage the client to receive more rest.B)Suggest flashcards to help the client recognize wordsC)Provide an activity for the client.D)Dispose of food at the expiration date.
- Which intervention is most appropriate when caring for a patient with delirium to prevent further cognitive decline?A)Increasing sensory stimulationB)Administering antipsychotic medicationsC)Promoting a calm and structured environmentD)Encouraging self-medication for anxiety
- Which major symptom differentiates delirium from major neurocognitive disorders like Alzheimer's disease?A)Delirium primarily affects long-term memory.B)Delirium symptoms can fluctuate throughout the day.C)Delirium has a gradual onset.D)Delirium is progressive and irreversible.
- A nurse needs to administer Rivastigmine 3 mg IM to a dementia patient. The medicine on hand is 6 mg/2 mL. What volume should be administered?A)0.25 mLB)1.25 mLC)1 mLD)0.5 mL
Exam Review
- What are hallmark clinical features of Lewy Body Dementia? (Select all that apply)A)Parkinsonism with motor symptomsB)Sensitivity to antipsychotic medicationsC)Episodes of visual hallucinationsD)Progressive behavioral changesE)Aggression episodes exacerbated during eveningsF)Prominent language deficits early in the illnessG)Pronounced term memory impairment early in the diseaseH)Fluctuating cognition with varied levels of alertnessI)Rapid progression to loss of independence
- A nurse is caring for a client who was hospitalized with a high blood alcohol content level. The provider fears the client may go into withdrawal and require medical supervision. The client's manifestations included anxiety, tremors, BP 166/100 mm Hg, and tachypnea about 1 hr ago. Now the client begins yelling out that they are seeing spiders crawling all over the walls. They believe they are at home and begin calling for their mother. The nurse should recognize that the client is experiencing which of the following stages of alcohol withdrawal?A)The client's manifestations indicate a psychotic disorder instead of alcohol withdrawal.B)Stage 2 (moderate)C)Stage 1 (mild)D)Stage 3 (severe)
- A client diagnosed with alcohol use disorder is preparing for detoxification. What is an essential nursing action to reduce the risk of delirium tremens?A)Administer a low-dose antipsychotic as a preventive measure.B)Assess for a history of seizures during prior withdrawals.C)Encourage high fluid intake to prevent dehydration.D)Delay detoxification until the client feels ready.
- A 68-year-old hospitalized client with a history of alcohol use abruptly ceases drinking and begins to exhibit severe tremors, confusion, and agitation. What is the priority nursing intervention?A)Monitor neurological status every 24 hours.B)Encourage the client to drink plenty of fluids.C)Administer intravenous thiamine as prescribed.D)Place the client in physical restraints immediately.
Exam Review
- A client undergoing alcohol detoxification requires Lorazepam 2 mg IV for anxiety management. The available vial contains Lorazepam 4 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse withdraw from the vial?A)0.5 mLB)0.25 mLC)1 mLD)1.5 mL
- Which factors contribute to the development of vascular dementia? (Select all that apply)A)Traumatic brain injuryB)Chronic hypertensionC)Excessive alcohol consumptionD)Amyloid protein plaques deposition in the brainE)Tobacco useF)Ischemic strokeG)History of myocardial infarctionH)Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
- A nurse is speaking with the caregiver of a client who has Alzheimer's disease. The caregiver asks the nurse what type of essential oils should be used when the client receives massage therapy to decrease anxiety. Which of the following oils should the nurse recommend?A)CypressB)FrankincenseC)RosemaryD)Eucalyptus
- What primary pathological change is associated with Alzheimer's disease?A)Formation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain.B)Microvascular damage leading to cerebral hypoperfusion.C)Chronic neuroinflammation in the brain's white matter.D)Accumulation of abnormal alpha-synuclein proteins.