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    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is caring for a client who has HIV and a CD4-T-cell count of 150/mm³. Which of the following conditions should the nurse monitor the client for?
      A)
      Hepatitis
      B)
      Tuberculosis
      C)
      Gonorrhea
      D)
      Chlamydia
    2. A nurse is assessing a client after administering a dose of losartan. The client has a hoarse voice, and swollen lips and tongue. In which order should the nurse take the following actions?
      A)
      Assess the client's airway.
      1
      B)
      Call the emergency response team.
      2
      C)
      Apply high-flow oxygen.
      3
      D)
      Initiate IV access.
      4
      E)
      Administer IV epinephrine.
      5
      F)
      Administer IV antihistamines.
      6
    3. Which class of antiretroviral drugs targets the stage of the HIV lifecycle by inhibiting RNA from forming DNA?
      A)
      Fusion Inhibitors
      B)
      Integrase Inhibitors
      C)
      Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
      D)
      Protease Inhibitors
    4. A group of nurses are discussing risk factors for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from clients. Which of the following individuals should the nurse identify as being at the greatest risk for contracting HIV?
      A)
      A phlebotomist who collects blood from clients who have HIV
      B)
      A nurse who works for an insurance company and collects urine samples from clients who have HIV
      C)
      A personal trainer who works with a client who has HIV
      D)
      An occupational therapist who works with a client who has HIV
    Page 1 of 10

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is assessing a client for a suspected anaphylactic reaction following a CT scan with contrast media. For which of the following client findings should the nurse intervene first?
      A)
      Stridor
      B)
      Hypotension
      C)
      Urticaria
      D)
      Vomiting
    2. A nurse is caring for a client who receives furosemide to treat heart failure. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor for this client due to this medication?
      A)
      Cortisol
      B)
      Bicarbonate
      C)
      Albumin
      D)
      Potassium
    3. A nurse is caring for a client who was sexually assaulted. An assessment of the client indicates that they might have been exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which of the following questions is most important to ask the client?
      A)
      Where did the assault occur?
      B)
      Do you give us permission to call the police?
      C)
      Who was the individual who assaulted you?
      D)
      What day and time did the assault take place?
    4. A 65-year-old female presents with confusion, headache, and muscle weakness. Her sodium level is 120 mEq/L. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate based on her condition?
      A)
      Administer hypertonic saline and restrict water intake
      B)
      Start fluid restriction and administer a loop diuretic
      C)
      Administer isotonic saline and encourage oral fluid intake
      D)
      Increase oral sodium intake and administer an antiemetic
    Page 2 of 10

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is educating a client who has HIV about the infection process. Which of the following features of the virus should the nurse explain can result in opportunistic infection?
      A)
      Conversion of the virus's RNA into DNA
      B)
      Having reverse transcriptase enzyme
      C)
      Containing only a single strand of genetic material
      D)
      Ability to target and destroy CD4 lymphocytes
    2. A nurse is caring for a client who has hypovolemic shock. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as an expected finding?
      A)
      Flushing of the skin
      B)
      Oliguria
      C)
      Bradypnea
      D)
      Hypertension
    3. A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values for a client. The pH is 7.32, PaCO2 48 mm Hg, and the HCO3 is 23 mEq/L. The nurse should recognize that these findings indicate which of the following acid-base balances?
      A)
      Respiratory acidosis
      B)
      Metabolic alkalosis
      C)
      Respiratory alkalosis
      D)
      Metabolic acidosis
    4. A client is admitted to the emergency room with a respiratory rate of 7/min. Arterial blood gases (ABG) reveal the following values. Which of the following is an appropriate analysis of the ABGs? pH 7.22 PaCO2 68 mm Hg Base excess -2 PaO2 78 mm Hg Saturation 80% Bicarbonate 26 mEq/L
      A)
      Respiratory acidosis
      B)
      Metabolic acidosis
      C)
      Metabolic alkalosis
      D)
      Respiratory alkalosis
    Page 3 of 10

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is providing postoperative care to a client who lost 800 mL of blood during surgery. The client's blood pressure has been steadily decreasing over the past 2 hours. Which of the following categories of shock should the nurse recognize is occurring?
      A)
      Obstructive shock
      B)
      Septic shock
      C)
      Hypovolemic shock
      D)
      Neurogenic shock
    2. A nurse is caring for a client who has HIV. Which of the following laboratory values is the nurse's priority?
      A)
      CD4-T-cell count 180 cells/mm3
      B)
      Positive Western blot test
      C)
      Platelets 150,000/mm3
      D)
      WBC 5,000/mm3
    3. A nurse is preparing to transfuse one unit of packed RBC to a client who experienced a mild allergic reaction during a previous transfusion. The nurse should administer diphenhydramine prior to the transfusion for which of the following allergic responses?
      A)
      Fluid overload
      B)
      Urticaria
      C)
      Hemolysis
      D)
      Fever
    4. A nurse is teaching a client who has septic shock about the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
      A)
      "DIC is characterized by an elevated platelet count."
      B)
      "DIC is controllable with lifelong heparin usage."
      C)
      "DIC is caused by abnormal coagulation involving fibrinogen."
      D)
      "DIC is a genetic disorder involving a vitamin K deficiency."
    Page 4 of 10

    Exam Review

    1. Which stage of the HIV lifecycle involves the virus attaching to the host cell membrane?
      A)
      Binding
      B)
      Integration
      C)
      Fusion
      D)
      Reverse Transcription
    2. Which of the following signs is most commonly associated with respiratory alkalosis?
      A)
      Muscle weakness and confusion
      B)
      Decreased deep tendon reflexes and hypotension
      C)
      Bradycardia and decreased respiratory rate
      D)
      Rapid, shallow breathing and feelings of panic
    3. A nurse accidentally administers the wrong medication to a client, which results in a severe allergic reaction and prolongs the client's hospitalization. The client could rightfully sue the nurse for which of the following?
      A)
      Abuse
      B)
      Battery
      C)
      Malpractice
      D)
      Assault
    4. A nurse in a clinic is assessing a client who has AIDS and a significantly decreased CD4-T-cell count. The nurse should recognize that the client is at risk for developing which of the following infectious oral conditions?
      A)
      Gingivitis
      B)
      Candidiasis
      C)
      Xerostomia
      D)
      Halitosis
    Page 5 of 10

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing hypovolemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
      A)
      Oliguria
      B)
      Hypertension
      C)
      Bradycardia
      D)
      Peripheral edema
    2. A nurse is providing care for a client experiencing obstructive shock. Which of the following diagnoses should the nurse expect?
      A)
      Cardiac tamponade
      B)
      Third spacing
      C)
      Ruptured aneurysm
      D)
      Cardiomyopathy
    3. In which stage of the HIV lifecycle does the enzyme integrase play a crucial role, and what is its function in that stage?
      A)
      Assembly. Integrase packages the viral RNA into new virions.
      B)
      Integration: Integrase inserts viral DNA into the host's genome.
      C)
      Entry: Integrase helps the virus fuse with the host cell membrane.
      D)
      Reverse Transcription: Integrase copies viral RNA into DNA.
    4. A patient's ABG shows: pH 7.32. PaCO2 50 mmHg. HCO3 24 mEq/L. What is the correct diagnosis?
      A)
      Metabolic acidosis
      B)
      Respiratory acidosis
      C)
      Respiratory alkalosis
      D)
      Metabolic alkalosis
    Page 6 of 10