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    Exam Review

    1. When caring for a client with an upper respiratory infection (URI), the nurse is notified the client is taking guaifenesin (Mucinex). What is the mechanism of action of guaifenesin (Mucinex)?
      A)
      Stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors, thus producing vascular constriction of capillaries in nasal mucosa
      B)
      Compete with histamine for receptor sites, thus preventing a histamine response and overall congestion.
      C)
      Treat allergic rhinitis and prevent motion sickness.
      D)
      Loosen bronchial secretion to assist in elimination.
    2. The nurse is caring for a client currently taking oxymetazoline. Which of the following statements should the nurse include regarding oxymetazoline?
      A)
      Limit use of the drug to 3 days to prevent rebound nasal congestion
      B)
      This drug may be used in maintenance treatment for asthma
      C)
      This medication may take up to a week to see effects
      D)
      Take this drug at bedtime because it may cause drowsiness
    3. A client frequently takes diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to alleviate his upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergies. Which of the following mechanism of actions applies to diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?
      A)
      stimulates effects of histamine by occupying all H receptor sites.
      B)
      blocks effects of histamine by competing and occupying H1 receptor sites.
      C)
      blocks effects of histamine by competing and occupying H2 receptor sites.
      D)
      stimulates effects of histamine by increasing amount of H2 receptor sites.
    4. A client is being discharged with a cromolyn (Intal) inhaler to assist in the treatment of asthma. The nurse should include which information in the discharge teaching for this medication?
      A)
      Use this inhaler 15 minutes prior to physical activity
      B)
      Tachycardia is an adverse effect associated with this medication
      C)
      This medication should not be discontinued abruptly.
      D)
      Injections are required weekly to properly prevent asthma attacks.
    Page 1 of 6

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is administering diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to a client experiencing a minor allergic reaction. Which information would the nurse include in the client's teaching plan regarding diphenhydramine (Benadry)? (Select All that Apply.)
      (SATA)
      A)
      This medication (Benadryl) targets h2 receptors to alleviate symptoms.
      B)
      Take this medication on an empty stomach before breakfast. Drowsiness is a common side effect of diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
      C)
      Avoid CNS depressants while taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
      D)
      This medication is a 2nd generation antihistamine.
      E)
      Paradoxical reactions can be seen with this medication.
    2. A client suffering from asthma is placed on theophylline to reduce the frequency of acute attacks. Which of the following adverse effects would the nurse caution the client prior to discharge?
      A)
      Tachycardia
      B)
      Constipation
      C)
      Drowsiness
      D)
      Oliguria
    3. A client who suffers from severe persistent allergic asthma is prescribed omalizumab (Xolair). Which statement below correctly describes the mechanism of action associated with omalizumab (Xolair)?
      A)
      Inhibits the production of leukotrienes and histamine, preventing further asthma attacks.
      B)
      Inhibits mast cells from releasing histamine, preventing further asthma attacks
      C)
      Selectively binds to IgE, reducing allergic mediators and asthma attacks.
      D)
      Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors to assist in reduction of allergic related symptoms.
    4. A nurse is caring for a client who is taking fluticasone due to chronic allergies. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
      A)
      Hypertension
      B)
      Fungal infections
      C)
      Decreased immunity
      D)
      Hypoglycemia
    Page 2 of 6

    Exam Review

    1. The nurse is educating student nurses on the difference between the upper and lower respiratory tract. Which medications are primarily used for upper respiratory conditions? (Select All that Apply.)
      (SATA)
      A)
      Decongestants
      B)
      H2 Antagonist
      C)
      H1 Antagonist
      D)
      Long-Acting Beta Agonist (LABA)
      E)
      Short Acting Beta agonist (SABA)
      F)
      Mast Cell Stabilizers
    2. A client's severe asthma has necessitated the use of a long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA). Which of the client's statements suggests a need for further education?
      A)
      make sure to use this each time I feel an asthma attack coming on."
      B)
      "I know that these drugs can sometimes make my heart beat faster."
      C)
      "I've heard that this drug sometimes gets less effective over time."
      D)
      "I've heard that this drug is particularly good at preventing asthma attacks during exercise."
    3. The nurse is assessing the medication record of a newly admitted client. Which of the following medications directly interacts with oxymetazoline (Afrin)?
      A)
      CNS Depressants
      B)
      Short acting Beta Agonist
      C)
      Monoamine oxidase inhibits
      D)
      Mast Cell inhibitors
    4. A client presents to the healthcare setting with a diagnosis of emphysema. Which of the following medications below would be contraindicated with the client's allergy to soybeans?
      A)
      montelukast (Singulair)
      B)
      methylprednisolone (Solumedrol)
      C)
      ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
      D)
      albuterol (Ventolin)
    Page 3 of 6

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is teaching a client with a new diagnosis of asthma. Which of the following medications should the nurse instruct the client to use when experiencing an acute asthma attack?
      A)
      Ipratropium bromide
      B)
      Albuterol
      C)
      Salmeterol
      D)
      Budesonide
    2. A nurse is preparing to administer acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) to a client with excessive respiratory secretions. Which of the following statements are correct regarding acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) (Select All that Apply.)
      A)
      alternative usage includes being the reversal agent for acetaminophen overdoses.
      B)
      This medication should not be used for clients with productive coughs.
      C)
      This medication has a foul smell resembling "rotten eggs"
      D)
      This medication can be utilized in client's with cystic fibrosis. This medication falls under the classification of "mucoyltic".
    3. A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for dextromethorphan. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects when taking dextromethorphan?
      A)
      Palpitations
      B)
      Hypertension
      C)
      Ataxia
      D)
      Diarrhea
    4. The nurse is caring for a 18-year-old client who has recently been prescribed montelukast. Which statement made by the client indicates understanding of the newly prescribed medication?
      A)
      This medication is for long-term treatment for asthma.
      B)
      This medication has a tendency to produce anaphylaxis.
      C)
      I can repeat this medication twice prior to seeking medical attention..
      D)
      Bloodwork is required regularly to monitor the therapeutic levels of this medication.
    Page 4 of 6

    Exam Review

    1. A client currently taking ipratropium (Atrovent) presents to the healthcare setting for reevaluation of his current asthma status. Which of the following statements apply to ipratropium (Atrovent)? (Select All that Apply.)
      A)
      Ipratropium is the drug of choice for acute asthma exacerbations.
      B)
      Mechanism of action includes blocking acetylcholine receptors in the airway
      C)
      Mechanism of action includes antagonizing histamine receptors of the upper airway.
      D)
      Client's who are allergic to soybean should avoid taking ipratropium.
      E)
      Urinary Retention is a side effect of Ipratropium bromide
      F)
      Ipratropium (Atrovent) is a medication for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
    2. The nurse is preparing to administer albuterol to a client experiencing an acute asthma attack. Which medication on the client's medical record is a direct contraindication to albuterol administration?
      A)
      Beta-Blockers
      B)
      Anticholinergics
      C)
      Antihistamines
      D)
      Glucocorticoids
    3. pediatric client. The child weighs 80 pounds. Available is promethazine 40mg/5ml. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round to the nearest tenth. Do not use a trailing zero.)
    4. A client diagnosed with allergic rhinitis is prescribed an antihistamine to assist with symptoms. Which of the following medications below would be considered a second-generation antihistamine?
      A)
      cetirizine (Zyrtec)
      B)
      chlorpheniramine (Aller-Chlor)
      C)
      diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
      D)
      montelukast (Singulair)
    Page 5 of 6

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is caring for a client who presents with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), Which of the following task can the nurse delegate to the UAP?
      A)
      Administer albuterol via inhalation device to the client.
      B)
      performing initial respiratory assessment to determine baseline respiratory rate.
      C)
      Assist the client with oral hygiene following inhaled corticosteroid administration by the nurse.
      D)
      Assess the client's lung sounds to determine if wheezing is present.
    2. A client who has been diagnosed with exercise-induced asthma is prescribed zafirlukast (Accolate). Which of the following adverse effects would the nurse inform the client regarding zafirlukast (Accolate)?
      A)
      Liver injury
      B)
      bradycardia
      C)
      renal failure
      D)
      Bronchoconstriction
    Page 6 of 6