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    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is evaluating a client with a history of kidney stones. Which dietary modification should the nurse recommend to prevent recurrence?
      A)
      Increase oxalate-rich foods
      B)
      Reduce fluid intake
      C)
      Increase citrus fruit consumption
      D)
      Limit carbohydrate intake
    2. A nurse is planning job responsibilities for the shift. Which interventions can be delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel in the care of a client with a urinary catheter? (Select all that apply)
      (SATA)
      A)
      Transport the urine specimen to the laboratory
      B)
      Provide perineal care
      C)
      Insert the Foley catheter
      D)
      Assist the incontinent client with hygiene
      E)
      The correct answer is: a) Transport the urine specimen to the laboratory, b) Provide perineal care,
    3. A client is being discharged home on oral steroids post kidney transplant. Which of the following side effects is of most concern?
      A)
      Client report of irritability
      B)
      Client report of headaches
      C)
      Client report of weight loss
      D)
      Client report of high blood pressure
      E)
      The correct answer is: a) Transport the urine specimen to the laboratory, b) Provide perineal care,
    4. A nurse is caring for a client with acute kidney injury and metabolic acidosis. Which laboratory finding should the nurse expect?
      A)
      pH of 7.30
      B)
      Serum bicarbonate of 30 mEq/L
      C)
      Serum potassium of 3.2 mEq/L
      D)
      Blood urea nitrogen of 10 mg/dL
    Page 1 of 6

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is caring for a client who had a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and has a continuous bladder irrigation in place. Which actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply)
      (SATA)
      A)
      Notify the surgeon if the urine is bright red in appearance or has large clots
      B)
      Use sterile technique when changing the irrigation bag
      C)
      Increase the irrigation flow if the urine is pink
      D)
      Monitor the client’s fluid intake and output
    2. A client has been admitted to the dialysis unit to rule out acute kidney injury. Which clinical finding should the nurse be most concerning when caring for this client?
      A)
      Weight loss
      B)
      Swelling in the legs
      C)
      Itching in the upper chest
      D)
      Abdominal tenderness
    3. A nurse is teaching a client with a new arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis. Which instruction should the nurse include to protect the fistula?
      A)
      Wear a wristwatch on the fistula arm
      B)
      Avoid sleeping on the fistula arm
      C)
      Obtain blood pressure from the fistula arm
      D)
      Lift heavy weights with the fistula arm
    4. Which of the following clinical findings should the nurse expect in a client with acute kidney injury?
      A)
      Glomerular filtration rate of 100 mL/min (normal >90 mL/min)
      B)
      Oliguria
      C)
      Hypokalemia
      D)
      Weight loss
    Page 2 of 6

    Exam Review

    1. The nurse is conducting patient teaching for a client post kidney transplant. Which statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
      A)
      I will need to take cyclosporine for the rest of my life
      B)
      My workouts will consist of playing football with my friends
      C)
      I will need to monitor my labs frequently
      D)
      I will weigh myself daily to monitor my fluid status
    2. A client with end-stage renal disease is receiving peritoneal dialysis. Which finding indicates a potential complication of this treatment?
      A)
      Clear dialysate output
      B)
      Abdominal discomfort during infusion
      C)
      Cloudy dialysate output
      D)
      Weight loss of 1 kg daily
    3. A nurse is assessing a client with a history of polycystic kidney disease. Which finding is most indicative of disease progression?
      A)
      Blood pressure of 150/90 mmHg
      B)
      Clear urine output
      C)
      Serum creatinine of 1.0 mg/dL
      D)
      Normal kidney size on ultrasound
    4. A nurse is caring for a client with a urinary tract infection and a history of chronic kidney disease. Which antibiotic should the nurse expect to be prescribed with caution due to renal impairment?
      A)
      Nitrofurantoin
      B)
      Ciprofloxacin
      C)
      Amoxicillin
      D)
      Azithromycin
    Page 3 of 6

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is planning care for a client who has been diagnosed with nephrolithiasis. Which of the following is most important to include in the client’s care plan?
      A)
      Limit protein intake to two servings per day
      B)
      Encourage intake of at least 3 L of fluid per day
      C)
      Administer antibiotics prophylactically
      D)
      Restrict calcium intake to 800 mg per day
    2. A client with a past medical history of chronic kidney disease is receiving dialysis. Which of the following clinical findings should the nurse expect to find when assessing this client?
      A)
      Hematuria
      B)
      Weight loss
      C)
      Hypertension
      D)
      Increased urine output
    3. A nurse is planning care for a client with a serum potassium level of 6.0 mEq/L (normal range: 3.5–5.0 mEq/L). Which actions should the nurse anticipate? (Select all that apply)
      A)
      Initiate 0.33% sodium chloride infusion
      B)
      Monitor cardiac rhythm
      C)
      Administer calcium gluconate
      D)
      Restrict potassium-rich foods
    4. A client in acute renal failure has been admitted to the medical-surgical ICU due to hypovolemic shock. The client’s family asks the nurse why this has occurred. What is the best response?
      A)
      The kidneys are not receiving enough blood flow
      B)
      The client has developed a blockage in the urinary tract
      C)
      The body is producing too many red blood cells
      D)
      The kidneys are overproducing urine
    Page 4 of 6

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is caring for a client with a ureteral stent placed for nephrolithiasis. Which instruction should the nurse include in discharge teaching?
      A)
      Limit fluid intake to 1 L per day
      B)
      Report blood-tinged urine immediately
      C)
      Avoid straining during bowel movements
      D)
      Take antibiotics only if fever occurs
    2. The nurse is caring for a client who is in the oliguric phase of an acute kidney injury. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances would be consistent with this condition?
      A)
      Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
      B)
      Hypernatremia and hypokalemia
      C)
      Hypernatremia and hyperkalemia
      D)
      Hyponatremia and hypokalemia
    3. A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous furosemide to a client with acute kidney injury and pulmonary edema. What is the primary purpose of this medication in this context?
      A)
      Reduce blood pressure
      B)
      Increase urine output
      C)
      Correct hyperkalemia
      D)
      Improve oxygenation
    4. A nurse is evaluating a client who underwent a kidney transplant two weeks ago. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse recognize as a potential indication of organ rejection?
      A)
      Fever
      B)
      Weight loss
      C)
      Hypotension
      D)
      Increased urine output
    Page 5 of 6

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is monitoring a client post-kidney transplant for signs of infection. Which finding should the nurse report immediately to the healthcare provider?
      A)
      Temperature of 100.4°F (38°C)
      B)
      Mild pain at the incision site
      C)
      Clear urine output
      D)
      Blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg
    2. nurse is assessing a client who underwent a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) yesterday and is experiencing a burning sensation during urination. Which action should the nurse take first?
      A)
      Notify the surgeon
      B)
      Increase the irrigation flow
      C)
      Administer an analgesic
      D)
      Assess the catheter for patency
    3. A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) about a new prescription for Flomax. Which side effects should the nurse include in the teaching?
      A)
      May develop lightheadedness
      B)
      Temporary loss of libido
      C)
      Hypertension
      D)
      Fungal infection
    4. A client is to receive Doxycycline 200 milligrams orally twice a day for seven days. On hand are 50 milligram capsules. How many capsules would the patient receive for the 8:00 a.m. dose?
    Page 6 of 6