Exam Review
- Vasoconstrictors are combined with local anesthetics for which reasons? (Select all that apply, one, several or none)(SATA)A)To reduce the risk of toxicityB)To prevent bradycardiaC)To prolong anesthesiaD)To enhance absorptionE)To shorten the duration of action
- Insulin glargine (Lantus) U-100 is prescribed for a hospitalized patient who has diabetes. When will the nurse expect to administer this drug?A)In the morning and at 4:00 PMB)Approximately 15 to 30 minutes before each mealC)After meals and at bedtimeD)Once daily at bedtime
- You are assisting a physician who is preparing to suture a superficial laceration on a patient's leg. The physician asks you to draw up lidocaine with epinephrine. You understand that epinephrine is used with the lidocaine to:A)Improve perfusion by increasing blood flow to the areaB)Prolong anesthetic effects and reduce the risk of systemic toxicity from lidocaine.C)Increase the rate of absorption of the lidocaineD)Allow more systemic absorption to speed up metabolism of the lidocaine
- A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for regular insulin and NPH insulin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?A)Aspirate the medication prior to administration.B)Keep the open vial of insulin at room temperature.C)Administer the insulin in two separate injections.D)Inject the insulin into a large muscle.
Exam Review
- A patient with type 1 diabetes who takes insulin reports taking propranolol for hypertension. Why would you be concerned?A)Propranolol increases insulin requirements because of receptor blockingB)The beta blocker can cause insulin resistanceC)Using the two agents together increases the risk of ketoacidosisD)The beta blocker can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia
- A 19-year-old student was diagnosed with hypothyroidism and has started thyroid replacement therapy with levothyroxine (Synthroid). After 1 week, she called the clinic to report that she does not feel better. Which response from the nurse is correct?A)"is it possible that you did not take your medication as instructed?"B)"Let's review your diet: it may be causing absorption problems.C)"The full therapeutic effects may not occur for 3 to 4 weeks."D)"It will probably require surgery for a cure to happen."
- The newly diagnosed patient with type 2 diabetes has been prescribed metformin (Glucophage). What should the nurse tell the patient to best explain how this medication works?A)Increases insulin productionB)Reduces glucose production by the liver and enhances insulin sensitivityC)Increases insulin release from the pancreas, inhibits glucagon secretion, and decreases gastric emptying.D)Slows the absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine
- Inhalation anesthetics fall into what two categories? (Select all that apply, one, some or all)(SATA)A)Volatile liquidsB)Amide-linkedC)None of the aboveD)GasesE)Ester-linked
Exam Review
- The most dangerous toxicity of methimazole.A)Liver toxicityB)ThyrotoxicosisC)PTU toxicityD)Agranulocytosis
- What is balanced anesthesia?A)An inhalation anesthesia that produces both muscle relaxation and unconsciousnessB)An anesthesia that has a brief induction period with a rapid emergence from its effectsC)An anesthesia that combines other drugs with inhalation anesthesia to produce the desired effectsD)An anesthesia that provides maximum analgesia with minimal respiratory side effects
- Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic, meaning:A)It causes a person to remember everything they experience during surgeryB)It causes a person to stop moving but provides no pain reliefC)It produces a feeling of detachment from one self and one's own environmentD)It allows the person to move freely during surgery
- All of the following are correct about Halothane except:A)Halothane was the most commonly used inhalation anestheticB)Halothane off market due to hepatotoxicityC)Halothane is an IV anestheticD)Halothane is no longer used in the United States
Exam Review
- A patient receives a neuromuscular blocking agent as an adjunct to inhalation anesthesia. When caring for this patient, it is important for the nurse to remember that neuromuscular blocking agents:A)Prevent contraction of the diaphragmB)Cause vagal slowing of the heartC)Increase the depth of unconsciousnessD)Increase the required dose of inhalation anesthetics
- A patient is complaining of a spinal headache. She had her procedure about 6 hours ago. What interventions are appropriate for the relief of spinal headache. (Select all that apply, one, some or all)A)RestB)FluidsC)Blood patchD)CaffeineE)Administration of analgesics
- When reviewing the laboratory values of a patient who is taking antithyroid drugs, the nurse will monitor for which adverse effect?A)Decreased glucose levelsB)Decreased white blood cell countC)increased red blood cell countD)Increased platelet count
- Which statement is accurate about the long-term complications of diabetes?A)Optimal control of both types of diabetes reduces the risk of eye, kidney, and nerve damageB)Optimal control of type 1 diabetes produces excessive episodes of life-threatening hypoglycemiaC)Long-term complications are almost always the result of hypoglycemia and ketoacidosisD)The complication rates for patents with optimally controlled type 2 diabetes are the same as for those whose disease is not optimally controlled.
Exam Review
- A nurse caring for a patient notes that the patient has a temperature of 104°F, and a heart rate of 110 beats/min. The patient's skin is warm and moist, and the patient complains that the room is too warm. The patient appears nervous and has protuberant eyes. The nurse will contact the provider to discuss:A)Grave's diseaseB)Plummer's diseaseC)MyxedemaD)Cretinism
- You are educating the staff nurses on your unit about ketoacidosis. The evaluate this group's understanding, you ask" Which sign or symptom would not be consistent with ketoacidosis? Which group gives which correct answer?A)Blood glucose level of 60 mg/dLB)Ketones in the urineC)AcidosisD)Blood glucose level of 600 mg/dL
- This medication is often mistaken for insulin:A)TrulicityB)LevemirC)NovologD)NPH
- You are caring for patients who receive propofol extended (Diprivan). What are important nursing considerations for these patients? (Select all that apply, one, some or all)A)Using a local anesthetic at the IV site prior to infusing the drugB)Refrigerating open vials of the drug up to 24 hoursC)Maintaining the rate of intravenous infusion at mg/kg/hrD)Stopping the infusion if a patient's CPK is greater than 5000 units/LE)Ensuring that respiratory support equipment is readily available
Exam Review
- Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) is all of the following except? (Select all that apply, one, some or all)A)An index of inhalation anesthetic potencyB)MAC indicates approximately how much anesthetic the inspired air must contain to produce anesthesiaC)MAC cannot be applied to all inhalational anestheticsD)Provides a correlation between anesthetic dose and immobilityE)A low MAC indicates low anesthetic potency
- Promotes insulin release, can be used only for type 2 diabetes. This class of oral hypoglycemic has a disulfiram-like reaction when combined with alcohol. What class of hypoglycemic medication is this?A)SulfonylureasB)BiguanideC)MeglitinideD)Thiazolidinedione
- A patient in her twenties with Grave's disease who takes methimazole (Tapazole) tells you that she is trying to get pregnant. She asks about disease management during pregnancy. What will you tell her?A)Methimazole is safe to take throughout pregnancyB)The patient should discuss changing to propylthiouracil (PTU) from now until her second trimester with her providerC)Propylthiouracil (PTU) should be taken throughout her pregnancyD)The patient should discuss therapy with iodine-131 instead of medications with her provider
- I reduce insulin resistance and may also decrease glucose production. I am used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control. I am usually well tolerated and most common side effects are upper respiratory tract infection, headache, sinusitis and myalgia. I go by the name of pioglitazone (Actos). What class of oral hypoglycemic am I ?A)Bile-acid sequestrantB)ThiazolidinedioneC)Alpha-Glucosidase InhibitorD)Non-insulin injectable drug