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    Exam Review

    1. What is the first action a nurse should take when bacterial meningitis is suspected in a client?
      A)
      Initiate isolation precautions
      B)
      Administer antibiotics after collecting cultures
      C)
      Prepare for a lumbar puncture after ruling out increased ICP
      D)
      Start IV fluid
    2. What is the consequence of low cerebral perfusion pressure?
      A)
      Ischemia and neuronal death
      B)
      Improved cognitive function
      C)
      Increased blood flow to the brain
      D)
      undetectable intracranial glucose levels
    3. When managing a suspected case of meningitis, what is the appropriate action regarding antibiotics?
      A)
      Administer antibiotics only if the client has a high fever on two separate occasions
      B)
      Start antibiotics immediately, even before confirmation of diagnosis
      C)
      Wait for confirmation of diagnosis before starting antibiotics
      D)
      Avoid antibiotics altogether as they are not effective against bacterial meningitis
    4. During the first stage of increased intracranial pressure, the brain attempts to compensate by employing a mechanism called:
      A)
      Rejuvenation
      B)
      Autoregulation
      C)
      Percolation
      D)
      Demarcation
    Page 1 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. If a person is discovered injured and in need of medical care, if there is concern for a brain injury, what should be done to prevent further neurolog injury?
      A)
      Move the person immediately to a more comfortable location.
      B)
      Administer pain medication to alleviate discomfort.
      C)
      Keep the person still and call for medical assistance.
      D)
      Perform head rotations to test range of motion.
    2. According to the Monroe-Kellie doctrine, which of the following statements is true regarding the three essential components of the skull (brain tissue, blood, and CSF)?
      A)
      The three components must remain at a relatively constant volume within the closed skull.
      B)
      The three components of the skull can vary in volume without affecting brain function
      C)
      The three components of the skull can expand indefinitely
      D)
      The three components of the skull are not interconnected
    3. Which of the following is true about hydrocephalus?
      A)
      It is a normal variation in brain anatomy.
      B)
      It is a decrease in fluid in the deep cavities of the brain.
      C)
      It is a condition caused by inflammation of the brain tissue.
      D)
      It is manifested by ventricular enlargement due to the accumulation of fluid.
    4. A patient is experiencing increased afterload. How would this condition likely impact the heart structure over time?
      A)
      It enlarges the heart chambers.
      B)
      It strengthens heart valves.
      C)
      It thickens heart walls.
      D)
      It thins the heart walls
    Page 2 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. Which compensatory mechanism is involved in both chronic heart failure and decompensated heart failure, leading to fluid retention and edema?
      A)
      Increased systemic blood pressure
      B)
      Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone activation
      C)
      Ventricular hypertrophy
      D)
      Ventricular dilation
    2. What is Cushing's Triad?
      A)
      A condition characterized by hyperthermia, increased thirst, and polyuria
      B)
      A condition characterized by confusion, blurred vision, and dizziness
      C)
      A neurologic emergency characterized by bradycardia, decreased respirations, and hypertensic
      D)
      A condition characterized by tachycardia, shallow respirations, and hypotension
    3. Which of the following diagnostic tools is used to measure ejection fraction in heart failure?
      A)
      Electroencephalogram
      B)
      KUB
      C)
      Dexascan
      D)
      Cardiac catheterization
    4. Which of the following statements is true about bacterial meningitis reporting?
      A)
      Reporting of bacterial meningitis is optional.
      B)
      It is not necessary to report cases of bacterial meningitis.
      C)
      Only severe cases of bacterial meningitis need to be reported.
      D)
      Cases of bacterial meningitis must be reported to the Centers for Disease Control.
    Page 3 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. What is the normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP)?
      A)
      20-30 mmHg
      B)
      40-50 mmHg
      C)
      50-100 mmHg
      D)
      5-15 mmHg
    2. A nurse is caring for a client who has valvular heart disease and is at risk for developing left-sided heart failure. Which of the following manifestations should alert the nurse the client is developing this condition?
      A)
      Distended abdomen
      B)
      Anorexia
      C)
      Weight gain and edema in both legs
      D)
      Breathlessness with crackles and wheezes
    3. Which of the following statements is true regarding the consequences of brainstem compression?
      A)
      Brainstem compression primarily affects the cardiovascular system.
      B)
      Compression of the brainstem can result in respiratory arrest due to compression of the respiratory control center in the medulla.
      C)
      Brainstem compression primarily affects the gastrointestinal system.
      D)
      Brainstem compression has no effect on respiratory function.
    4. During admission of a patient with a severe head injury to the emergency department, the nurse places the highest priority on assessment for
      A)
      Cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the ears and nose.
      B)
      Presence of a neck injury.
      C)
      Patency of airway
      D)
      neurological status with the Glasgow coma scale
    Page 4 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. What compensatory mechanism involved in both chronic heart failure and decompensated heart failure leads to fluid retention and edema?
      A)
      Ventricular fibrillation
      B)
      Increased ICP
      C)
      Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone activation
      D)
      Atrial flutter
    2. Which of the following statements about furosemide and potassium is true?
      A)
      Furosemide can cause hyperkalemia.
      B)
      Furosemide is contraindicated in patients with potassium allergies.
      C)
      Furosemide can increase potassium levels in the body.
      D)
      Furosemide is a diuretic that may require potassium supplementation
    3. A patient is in systolic heart failure. Which description best fits the state of the left ventricle?
      A)
      Thin and strong
      B)
      Thick and weak
      C)
      Thin and weak
      D)
      Thick and strong
    4. A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin to a client who has heart failure. Which of the following actions is appropriate?
      A)
      Measuring apical pulse rate for 30 seconds before administration
      B)
      Evaluating the client for nausea, vomiting, and anorexia
      C)
      instructing the client to eat foods that are low in potassium
      D)
      Withholding the medication if the heart rate is above 100 bpm
    Page 5 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. In biventricular heart failure, which statement is true?
      A)
      The ventricles take turns pumping. When one side stops pumping, the other takes over.
      B)
      Only the left ventricle is affected
      C)
      The ejection fraction is typically above 50%
      D)
      Both ventricles are affected, and the ejection fraction can be extremely low.
    2. What is the result of hypertrophy and remodeling in the context of heart failure
      A)
      Increased oxygen supply and improved cardiac function, which results in lower ejection fraction.
      B)
      Hypertrophy and remodeling in heart failure result in poor contractility and increased oxygen demand as the hypertrophic muscle become inefficient over time.
      C)
      Reduced workload on the heart and improved cardiac output, leading to resolution of heart failure.
      D)
      Sustained improved contractility and decreased oxygen demand
    3. A nurse is assessing a client who has right-sided heart failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
      A)
      Heart murmur
      B)
      Shoulder pain radiating to the jaw
      C)
      Crackles in lungs
      D)
      Peripheral edema
    4. A nurse is assessing a client who has a concussion from a sports injury. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
      A)
      Loss of consciousness with translucent dreaming
      B)
      Glasgow Coma Scale score of 20
      C)
      Nuchal rigidity
      D)
      Sensitivity to touch
    Page 6 of 13