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    Exam Review

    1. At temperatures higher than the maximum growth temperature for an organism,
      A)
      proteins are permanently denatured.
      B)
      membranes become too fluid for proper function.
      C)
      hydrogen bonds within molecules are broken.
      D)
      hydrogen bonds are broken and proteins are permanently denatured.
      E)
      hydrogen bonds are broken, proteins are denatured, and membranes become too fluid.
    2. A bacterium requires the amino acids, tryptophan, tyrosine, and cystine, to be present in the agar medium in order for them to grow in the lab. These amino acids would be considered
      A)
      inorganic
      B)
      micronutrients
      C)
      non-essential
      D)
      growth factors
    3. An organic nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the organism and must be provided is called a(n)
      A)
      element.
      B)
      macronutrient.
      C)
      compound.
      D)
      growth factor.
      E)
      trace element.
    4. Most prokaryotes reproduce by undergoing
      A)
      mitosis
      B)
      meiosis
      C)
      binary fission
      D)
      All of the above
    Page 1 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. A microbe recovered from an environmental sample grows on a medium composed of agar and a mix of salts. The agar is not digested during incubation. The growth rate increases in high CO2 conditions. The organism is likely a(n)
      A)
      heterotroph.
      B)
      autotroph.
      C)
      chemotroph.
      D)
      halophile.
    2. Which of the following does NOT influence the growth of microbes?
      A)
      The temperature of their environment
      B)
      The acidity of their environment
      C)
      The presence of non-essential nutrients
      D)
      The other microbes sharing their environment
    3. E.coli bacteria that normally live in the human large intestines and produce vitamin K that the body uses would be best termed a ______ relationship.
      A)
      parasitic
      B)
      saprobic
      C)
      antagonistic
      D)
      mutualistic
    4. An organism that can exist in both oxygen and oxygen-free environments is a(n)
      A)
      aerobe.
      B)
      obligate aerobe.
      C)
      facultative anaerobe.
      D)
      microaerophile.
      E)
      obligate anaerobe.
    Page 2 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. Which group of bacteria are usually associated with human infections?
      A)
      Psychrophiles
      B)
      Thermophiles
      C)
      Halophiles
      D)
      Mesophiles
    2. Organism that can use oxygen but can also function without oxygen are termed
      A)
      obligate aerobes
      B)
      obligate anaerobes
      C)
      facultative anaerobes
      D)
      aerotolerant anaerobes
    3. When a _____inhibitor molecule binds to an allosteric site on an enzyme, the shape of the active site changes so that the substrate molecules can no longer fit.
      A)
      competitive
      B)
      non-competitive
    4. Which of the following would be a final electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration?
      A)
      oxygen
      B)
      pyruvic acid
      C)
      glucose (C6H12O6)
      D)
      nitrate (NO3)
    Page 3 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. Inducible enzymes
      A)
      are synthesized only when their substrate is available
      B)
      are synthesized continuously be the cell
      C)
      are only found in prokaryotes
      D)
      are coded by genes that are always expressed
    2. The most likely place where an exoenzyme participates in a chemical reaction is
      A)
      in mitochondria.
      B)
      within the cell membrane.
      C)
      in lysosomes.
      D)
      in cytoplasm.
      E)
      outside of the cell.
    3. Changes in temperature or pH can cause enzymes to lose activity. What is a common feature of these two effects?
      A)
      Temperature and pH affect the rate of substrate binding.
      B)
      Temperature and pH both induce an enzyme to lose its precise three- dimensional shape.
      C)
      Temperature and pH change the activation energy of the reaction.
      D)
      Temperature and pH change the ionization state of cofactors.
      E)
      There is no common mechanism of temperature and pH effects on enzyme activity.
    4. Which of the following statements is MOST accurate concerning metabolism?
      A)
      Metabolism is the digestion of nutrients to release energy.
      B)
      Metabolism is the assembly of small molecules into macromolecules.
      C)
      Metabolism is all the chemical reactions of a cell (or organism), both anabolic and catabolic.
      D)
      Metabolism is the production and expenditure of chemical energy.
      E)
      Metabolism is the assembly of macromolecules into cellular structures.
    Page 4 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. Sulfanilamide is an antimicrobial drug that mimics the shape of an important substrate for a particular bacterial enzyme and can bind in its active site, thereby inhibiting the enzyme. This type of inhibition is known as
      A)
      allosteric inhibition.
      B)
      competitive inhibition.
      C)
      excitatory allosteric control.
      D)
      noncompetitive inhibition.
      E)
      feedback inhibition.
    2. A holoenzyme
      A)
      consists of an apoenzyme plus a cofactor
      B)
      is inactive
      C)
      is a non-protein component of an enzyme
      D)
      an enzyme without an active site
    3. Enzymes that function inside a cell are
      A)
      apoenzymes.
      B)
      exoenzymes.
      C)
      constitutive enzymes.
      D)
      regulated enzymes.
      E)
      endoenzymes.
    4. Your bacterium is growing on a type of medium called casein agar, which contains milk protein (casein). There is a clear zone around the growth area of the bacterium, showing that it is synthesizing the enzymes needed to catalyze the breakdown of casein. These enzymes are considered:
      A)
      apoenzymes.
      B)
      exoenzymes.
      C)
      ribozymes.
      D)
      regulated enzymes.
      E)
      endoenzymes.
    Page 5 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. In prokaryotes, the chromosomal DNA is typically
      A)
      linear
      B)
      circular
      C)
      many separated pieces
      D)
      single-stranded
    2. Amino acids are delivered to the ribosome by
      A)
      mRNA
      B)
      rRNA
      C)
      tRNA
      D)
      micRNA
    3. The _____ test is used for detecting chemicals with carcinogenic potential.
      A)
      Koch
      B)
      Ames
      C)
      mutation
      D)
      cancer
      E)
      lowa
    4. In Griffith's experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae, rough non-encapsulated streptococci were converted into smooth encapsulated streptococci in the presence of the heat-killed smooth encapsulated streptococci. Which microbial process had Griffith identified?
      A)
      transduction
      B)
      conjugation
      C)
      transformation
      D)
      cloning
    Page 6 of 13