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    Exam Review

    1. The arrow illustrates
      A)
      Arm
      B)
      Shoulder
    2. The label arrow illustrate
      A ✓ Correct
      Option A
      A)
      coarse adjustment
      B)
      Fine adjustment
    3. The fine adjustment knob is used to sharpen the image after it has been focused with the coarse adjustment knob
      A)
      True
      B)
      False
    4. What is the total magnification when using a 10x eyepiece and a 40x objective lens?
      A)
      40x
      B)
      100x
      C)
      400x
      D)
      4,000x
    Page 1 of 8

    Exam Review

    1. What instruments are used to perform sterile transfer from one medium to another
      A)
      Loop & needle
      B)
      Loop & syringe
      C)
      needle & syringe
      D)
      all above are true
    2. Name this structure
      A)
      Petri dish
      B)
      Agar plate
    3. The isolation streak plate technique is used to separate individual bacterial cells on an agar plate.
      A)
      True
      B)
      False
    4. The goal of streaking is to Not evenly spread bacteria, so they grow in a thick, continuous layer:
      A)
      True
      B)
      False
    Page 2 of 8

    Exam Review

    1. What is the main purpose of simple staining?
      A)
      To differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
      B)
      To determine bacterial motility
      C)
      To visualize the size, shape, and arrangement of bacteria
      D)
      To identify bacterial endospores
    2. Which of the following dyes is commonly used in simple staining?
      A)
      Safranin
      B)
      Methylene blue
      C)
      Malachite green
      D)
      Carbol fuchsin
    3. Why is heat fixing performed during smear preparation?
      A)
      To stain the bacteria
      B)
      To kill bacteria and adhere them to the slide
      C)
      To increase magnification
      D)
      To remove excess stain
    4. Why must the smear be completely air-dried before heat fixing?
      A)
      To prevent distortion of cells
      B)
      To speed up staining
      C)
      To make the bacteria grow
      D)
      To increase contrast
    Page 3 of 8

    Exam Review

    1. Who developed the Gram stain technique?
      A)
      Louis Pasteur
      B)
      Robert Koch
      C)
      Hans Christian Gram
      D)
      Alexander Fleming
    2. After Gram staining, Gram-positive bacteria appear:
      A)
      Pink
      B)
      Red
      C)
      Purple
      D)
      Colorless
    3. Gram-negative bacteria appear what color after Gram staining?
      A)
      Purple
      B)
      Blue
      C)
      Pink/Red
      D)
      Green
    4. Gram-positive bacteria have a cell wall that contains:
      A)
      A thin peptidoglycan layer
      B)
      A thick peptidoglycan layer
      C)
      No peptidoglycan
      D)
      An outer membrane only
    Page 4 of 8

    Exam Review

    1. Gram-negative bacteria differ from Gram-positive bacteria because they have:
      A)
      A thick peptidoglycan layer
      B)
      No cell wall
      C)
      An outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
      D)
      Teichoic acids in their cell wall
    2. Why do Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet stain?
      A)
      Their outer membrane traps the stain
      B)
      Their thick peptidoglycan layer holds the crystal violet-iodine complex
      C)
      They absorb the safranin more strongly
      D)
      They do not undergo decolorization
    3. The plate shown below is known as:
      A)
      Blood agar plate (BAP)
      B)
      M17 Agar
    4. Hemolysins are bacterial toxins that lyse red blood cells.
      A)
      True
      B)
      False
    Page 5 of 8

    Exam Review

    1. A 7-year-old child presents with fever, sore throat, and swollen anterior cervical lymph nodes.
      A)
      A throat swab is cultured on blood agar. After 24 hours, colonies show a clear zone surrounding each colony. Which hemolysis pattern is observed?
      B)
      Alpha hemolysis
      C)
      Beta hemolysis
      D)
      Gamma hemolysis
      E)
      Delta hemolysis
    2. Hemolysins are best defined as:
      A)
      Enzymes that inhibit bacterial growth
      B)
      Toxins that lyse red blood cells
      C)
      Structural proteins in bacterial capsules
      D)
      Antibiotic resistance factors
    3. EMB agar is considered selective because:
      A)
      It enhances growth of Gram-positive bacteria
      B)
      It contains dyes that inhibit Gram-positive organisms
      C)
      It only supports anaerobic growth
      D)
      It contains high salt concentration
    4. A stool sample from a patient with diarrhea is cultured on EMB agar. The colonies are colorless and translucent. What does this indicate?
      A)
      Strong lactose fermentation
      B)
      Partial lactose fermentation
      C)
      Non-lactose fermentation
      D)
      Hemolysis
    Page 6 of 8