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    Exam Review

    1. What type of diarrhea is described as greasy and foul-smelling, and often occurs in people with malabsorption disorders?
      A)
      Melena
      B)
      Osmotic diarrhea
      C)
      Small-volume diarrhea
      D)
      Steatorrhea
    2. What term is described as the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute?
      A)
      Heart rate
      B)
      Stroke volume
      C)
      Cardiac reserve
      D)
      Cardiac output
    3. What manifestation is expected with an obstruction of the small intestine?
      A)
      Increased passage of gas
      B)
      Decreased heart rate
      C)
      Severe diarrhea
      D)
      Abdominal distension
    4. For each action, indicate whether it puts the person at a higher risk or lower risk of developing a deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
      Higher RiskLower Risk
      Smoking cigarettes✓
      Taking a walk every day✓
      Drinking water frequently✓
      Undergoing orthopedic surgery✓
      Flying on a 12-hour flight✓
    Page 1 of 15

    Exam Review

    1. What condition may cause poor myocardial perfusion?
      A)
      Peripheral vascular disease
      B)
      Deep vein thrombosis
      C)
      Rheumatoid arthritis
      D)
      Coronary artery vasospasm
    2. What is a manifestation of hypocalcemia?
      A)
      Tingling fingers
      B)
      Kidney stones
      C)
      Constipation
      D)
      Increased thirst
    3. What situation(s) can result in metabolic alkalosis? Select all that apply.
      (SATA)
      A)
      Cardiopulmonary arrest
      B)
      Hypokalemia
      C)
      Nasogastric suctioning
      D)
      Diarrhea
      E)
      Renal failure
    4. What type of perfusion provides blood to the lungs?
      A)
      Central perfusion
      B)
      Myocardial perfusion
      C)
      Cerebral perfusion
      D)
      Tissue perfusion
    Page 2 of 15

    Exam Review

    1. For each risk factor, click to specify whether the risk factor is a modifiable or non-modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease.
      ModifiableNon-Modifiable
      Smoking✓
      Obesity✓
      Ethnicity✓
      Hypertension✓
      Diabetes✓
      Family history✓
    2. An increase of which laboratory value is associated with hepatic encephalopathy?
      A)
      Uric acid
      B)
      Urea
      C)
      Bilirubin
      D)
      Ammonia
    3. During which stage of a seizure do vague manifestations such as nausea and irritability occur, usually several hours before the seizure starts?
      A)
      Tonic stage
      B)
      Aural stage
      C)
      Postictal stage
      D)
      Prodromal stage
    4. What effect do opioids have on the body?
      A)
      Increased blood pressure
      B)
      Decreased temperature
      C)
      Increased heart rate
      D)
      Decreased respirations
    Page 3 of 15

    Exam Review

    1. A person who involuntarily leaks urine when coughing or sneezing is experiencing what type of incontinence?
      A)
      Urge incontinence
      B)
      Stress incontinence
      C)
      Functional incontinence
      D)
      Overflow incontinence
    2. What person is experiencing referred pain?
      A)
      A person with a myocardial infarction having pain in the jaw
      B)
      A person with diabetes experiencing shooting pain in the feet
      C)
      A person with a lower limb amputation feels pain in that limb
      D)
      A person with a broken arm experiencing pain at the injury site
    3. Why does angina occur in a person with coronary artery disease during exercise?
      A)
      Because the lungs cannot supply enough oxygen to the heart
      B)
      Because there is inflammation in the muscles of the chest
      C)
      Because the heart valves are not functioning appropriately
      D)
      Because there is increased oxygen demand by the heart
    4. What situation may cause hypernatremia?
      A)
      Loss of water
      B)
      Decreased aldosterone
      C)
      Too much antidiuretic hormone
      D)
      Increased thirst
    Page 4 of 15

    Exam Review

    1. Which laboratory result would be elevated due to a myocardial infarction?
      A)
      Troponin
      B)
      Potassium
      C)
      Hemoglobin
      D)
      Creatinine
    2. Why does peripheral neuropathy occur in people with uncontrolled diabetes?
      A)
      Decreased blood sugar increases the sensitivity of nerves.
      B)
      Excess circulating insulin damages the body's vasculature.
      C)
      Autoantibodies destroy nerve fibers in the lower extremities.
      D)
      Elevated blood sugar over time is toxic to nerve endings.
    3. Which will typically start the clotting process?
      A)
      Fibrinolysis
      B)
      Decreased vitamin K
      C)
      Hypocoagulation
      D)
      Blood vessel damage
    4. For each manifestation, click to specify whether the manifestation is expected in a person with fluid excess or fluid deficit.
      A)
      Hypotension
      B)
      Bounding pulses
      C)
      Poor skin turgor (elasticity)
      D)
      Hypernatremia
      E)
      Crackles in the lungs
      F)
      Ascites
    Page 5 of 15

    Exam Review

    1. Which describes a potential complication associated with substance abuse?
      A)
      Hallucinogenic drugs usually cause relaxed and calm behavior.
      B)
      Infection is uncommon among drug users who share needles.
      C)
      Withdrawal symptoms include hypotension, diarrhea, and jaundice.
      D)
      Overdose may occur since street drugs may be contaminated.
    2. For each condition, click to specify whether the condition causes a pre-renal, intra-renal, or post-renal acute kidney injury.
      A)
      Nephrotoxic drugs
      B)
      Kidney stones
      C)
      Severe blood loss
      D)
      Pyelonephritis
      E)
      Bladder tumor
    3. What can cause a functional bowel obstruction?
      A)
      Inguinal hernias
      B)
      Surgical scar tissue
      C)
      Tumor of the intestine
      D)
      Spinal cord injury
    4. What complication may occur after a person has a myocardial infarction?
      A)
      Peripheral neuropathy
      B)
      Infective endocarditis
      C)
      Rheumatic heart disease
      D)
      Congestive heart failure
    Page 6 of 15