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    Exam Review

    1. Valvular prolapse occurs when:
      A)
      chordae tendineae pull the heart valve tightly closed.
      B)
      a blood clot blocks the heart valve leaflets.
      C)
      heart valve leaflets become floppy and bulge backward.
      D)
      the heart valve becomes stiff and cannot open.
    2. Inflammation of the outermost layer of the heart is called:
      A)
      pericarditis.
      B)
      vasculitis.
      C)
      myocarditis.
      D)
      endocarditis.
    3. Which of the following correctly lists the order of the cardiac conduction system?
      A)
      node - SA node - bundle of His - right & left bundle branches - Purkinje fibers
      B)
      Purkinje fibers - right & left bundle branches - bundle of His - AV node - SA node
      C)
      SA node - AV node - bundle of His - right & left bundle branches -Purkinje fibers
      D)
      SA node - AV node - Purkinje fibers - right & left bundle branches - bundle of His
    4. The term used to describe the presence of gallstones is:
      A)
      cholecystitis.
      B)
      diverticulitis.
      C)
      diverticulosis.
      D)
      cholelithiasis.
    Page 1 of 11

    Exam Review

    1. __________ refers to bright red blood in vomitus.
      A)
      Melena
      B)
      Steatorrhea
      C)
      Gastroenteritis
      D)
      Hematemesis
    2. Black, tarry stools are called:
      A)
      thrombocytopenia.
      B)
      hematemesis.
      C)
      hematochezia.
      D)
      melena.
    3. Which of the following is the most likely cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
      A)
      Rapid gastric emptying
      B)
      Hyposecretion of gastric acid
      C)
      Weakness of the lower esophageal sphincter
      D)
      Decreased intra-abdominal pressure
    4. Esophageal varices place an individual at risk for:
      A)
      hypoglycemia.
      B)
      gastroesophageal reflux.
      C)
      hemorrhage.
      D)
      cirrhosis.
    Page 2 of 11

    Exam Review

    1. Perforation of the gastric wall as a result of severe peptic ulcer disease (PUD) may result in which complication?
      A)
      Gastritis
      B)
      Hemorrhage
      C)
      Cholelithiasis
      D)
      Pancreatitis
    2. Yellowing of the skin is associated with which of the following conditions?
      A)
      Diverticulosis
      B)
      Appendicitis
      C)
      Ulcerative colitis
      D)
      Cirrhosis
    3. Which type of hepatitis is primarily transmitted through food or water contaminated with feces?
      A)
      Hepatitis A
      B)
      Hepatitis D
      C)
      Hepatitis B
      D)
      Hepatitis C
    4. Right upper quadrant abdominal pain that radiates to the back after consuming high-fat meals, with normal ECG findings, may indicate:
      A)
      gastroesophageal reflux.
      B)
      appendicitis.
      C)
      cholecystitis.
      D)
      a myocardial infarction.
    Page 3 of 11

    Exam Review

    1. The most likely mode of transmission for Hepatitis B is
      A)
      Casual contact
      B)
      Exposure to infected blood
      C)
      Respiratory droplets
      D)
      Contaminated food or water
    2. The term ______ refers to small, inflamed pouches in the colon lining.
      A)
      Diverticulitis
      B)
      Appendicitis
      C)
      Gastritis
      D)
      Ulcerative colitis
    3. Right lower quadrant abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting may indicate
      A)
      Cirrhosis
      B)
      Cholecystitis
      C)
      Appendicitis
      D)
      Gastroesophageal reflux disease
    4. ___________ refers to difficulty swallowing.
      A)
      Angina
      B)
      Aphasia
      C)
      Dyspnea
      D)
      Dysphagia
    Page 4 of 11

    Exam Review

    1. Autodigestion of pancreatic tissue in pancreatitis results in which of the following? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
      A)
      Inflammation
      B)
      Esophageal varices
      C)
      Hemorrhage
      D)
      Tissue necrosis
      E)
      Right lower quadrant pain
    2. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a common cause of
      A)
      Diverticulosis
      B)
      Appendicitis
      C)
      Cirrhosis
      D)
      Peptic ulcer disease
    3. Functions of the liver include which of the following? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
      A)
      Bile production
      B)
      Glucose storage
      C)
      Production of cholesterol
      D)
      Destruction of clotting factors
      E)
      Medication metabolism
    4. The primary purposes of the pancreas are:
      A)
      storage and release of bile.
      B)
      detoxification of drugs and alcohol.
      C)
      conversion of bilirubin and production of cholesterol.
      D)
      pancreatic enzyme secretion and insulin production.
    Page 5 of 11

    Exam Review

    1. Chronic diarrhea alternating with constipation is most indicative of:
      A)
      ulcerative colitis.
      B)
      Crohn's disease
      C)
      diverticulitis.
      D)
      irritable bowel syndrome.
    2. Frequent diarrhea that may occur up to 12 times per day and contain blood and mucus is characteristic of
      A)
      Ulcerative colitis
      B)
      Diverticulosis
      C)
      Crohn's disease
      D)
      Irritable bowel disease
    3. Pathophysiological changes associated with peptic ulcer disease may result in:
      A)
      improved digestion.
      B)
      decreased abdominal pain.
      C)
      gastric hemorrhage.
      D)
      increased production of intrinsic factor.
    4. Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, leading to severe headache, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity is called
      A)
      Meningitis
      B)
      Parkinson's disease
      C)
      Multiple sclerosis
      D)
      Stroke
    Page 6 of 11