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    Exam Review

    1. Which hormone causes water retention by increasing sodium reabsorption?
      A)
      Erythropoietin
      B)
      Aldosterone
      C)
      Calcitonin
      D)
      Antidiuretic hormone
    2. Stress incontinence may be best described as:
      A)
      Loss of urine associated with the inability to reach the toilet in time due to physical limitations.
      B)
      Continuous dribbling of urine due to bladder overdistention.
      C)
      Leakage of urine due to increased intra-abdominal pressure, such as when coughing or sneezing
      D)
      Involuntary urination that occurs during deep sleep.
    3. The term "hematuria" is used to refer to urine that contains
      A)
      Albumin
      B)
      Glucose
      C)
      Protein
      D)
      Blood
    4. Signs and symptoms of a lower urinary tract infection may include which of the following? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
      (SATA)
      A)
      Flank pain
      B)
      Urgent sensation to urinate
      C)
      Fever
      D)
      Dysuria
      E)
      Cloudy urine
    Page 1 of 16

    Exam Review

    1. Anemia may occur with end-stage renal failure due to::
      A)
      Decreased kidney production of erythropoietin.
      B)
      Increased hemoglobin levels in the blood.
      C)
      Decreased red blood cell destruction.
      D)
      Increased glomerular filtration in the kidneys.
    2. The condition of having calculi (stones) in the urinary tract is known as
      A)
      Urolithiasis
      B)
      Pyelonephritis
      C)
      Urethritis
      D)
      Cystitis
    3. Urolithiasis is often characterized by:
      A)
      Intermittent severe flank pain.
      B)
      Decreased heart rate.
      C)
      Abdominal pain that improves with eating.
      D)
      Gradual onset of bilateral leg pain.
    4. Which factor most contributes to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in older men?
      A)
      High urine pH
      B)
      Urine retention due to an enlarged prostate
      C)
      Use of cotton underwear
      D)
      Increased fluid intake
    Page 2 of 16

    Exam Review

    1. Functions of the skin include: (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
      (SATA)
      A)
      Production of red blood cells.
      B)
      Assisting with control of body temperature.
      C)
      Acting as a first line of defense against pathogens.
      D)
      Prevention of excessive fluid loss.
      E)
      Synthesis of vitamin D.
    2. Which condition is characterized by white hair and skin along with reduced or absent eye pigmentation due to a lack of melanin?
      A)
      Melasma
      B)
      Vitiligo
      C)
      Albinism
      D)
      Psoriasis
    3. A fissure is best described as a:
      A)
      Slightly elevated lesion with a flat surface.
      B)
      Thin-walled, fluid-filled lesion.
      C)
      Small and firm lesion of the skin.
      D)
      Linear crack in skin tissue.
    4. Which term is used to identify an elevated, erythematous lesion that contains purulent exudate (pus).
      A)
      Macule
      B)
      Pustule
      C)
      Papule
      D)
      Nodule
    Page 3 of 16

    Exam Review

    1. Chronic inflammation of the skin with increased sensitivity to irritants, such as soaps, certain fabrics, or changes in temperature and humidity is called:
      A)
      Ringworm.
      B)
      Eczema.
      C)
      Psoriasis.
      D)
      Impetigo
    2. What statement best describes the pathophysiology of psoriasis?
      A)
      Bacterial overgrowth of highly contagious S. aureus with development of vesicles and pruritus
      B)
      Abnormal T-cell activation leading to excessive growth of keratinocytes and rapid epidermal shedding
      C)
      Sensitization on first exposure to an allergen with rash development on subsequent exposure
      D)
      Latent virus becomes reactivated by infection or stress, leading to development of skin lesions
    3. Psoriasis is characterized by:
      A)
      Scattered areas of hypopigmentation of the skin.
      B)
      Ruptured vesicles with yellowish-brown crusts.
      C)
      Silvery scales covering red patches of skin.
      D)
      Round papules with clear centers scattered over the body.
    4. Which of the following is a type of skin cancer that is likely to metastasize if not treated early?
      A)
      Basal cell carcinoma
      B)
      Melanoma
      C)
      Squamous cell carcinoma
      D)
      Actinic keratosis
    Page 4 of 16

    Exam Review

    1. Considering the "ABCD" signs of melanoma, which off the following would be most concerning?
      A)
      A mole that is smaller than 6 mm
      B)
      A mole that resembles all other moles on the body
      C)
      A mole with multiple colors
      D)
      A mole with symmetrical borders
    2. Warning signs of skin cancer may include: (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
      A)
      Development of an odd-shaped lesion or new mole.
      B)
      A lesion that does not heal.
      C)
      A change in the shape, color, or size of a mole.
      D)
      Freckles that darken slightly with sun exposure.
      E)
      Skin lesions that repeatedly bleed.
    3. Burns involving only the epidermis, leading to pain and redness without the presence of blisters, are classified as burns.
      A)
      Third-degree (full-thickness)
      B)
      Second-degree (partial thickness)
      C)
      Fourth-degree (full-thickness)
      D)
      First-degree (superficial)
    4. Which of the following statements about burns is true?
      A)
      First-degree (superficial) burns result in blister formation
      B)
      Fourth-degree (full-thickness) burns involve all skin layers and underlying tissue
      C)
      Second-degree (partial thickness) burns are painless
      D)
      Third-degree (full-thickness) burns do not extend beyond the dermis
    Page 5 of 16

    Exam Review

    1. Using the image provided, calculate the total body surface area (TBSA) involved if an individual sustains burns to the body as follows: Entire front of torso Entire right arm Front of right leg Face and front of neck BODY SURFACE AREA (BSA)
      A)
      31.5 %
      B)
      40.5 %
      C)
      49.5 %
      D)
      36 %
    2. Which of the following signs indicate that an individual may have suffered smoke inhalation injuries from a fire? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
      A)
      Burn to left leg
      B)
      Wheezing
      C)
      Singed nose hairs
      D)
      Black-tinged sputum
      E)
      Difficulty breathing
    3. Excessive fluid loss and decreased blood volume following a severe burn may lead to:
      A)
      Diabetes.
      B)
      Hypovolemic shock.
      C)
      Pneumonia
      D)
      Heart failure.
    4. Severe edema occurs in individuals with large burn injuries due to:
      A)
      Increased capillary permeability.
      B)
      Decreased metabolism of carbohydrates.
      C)
      Decreased hematocrit in the blood.
      D)
      Increased circulating blood volume.
    Page 6 of 16