A serotonin molecule binds to a 5HT2A receptor causing electrical impulses to be sent down a GABA neuron's axon terminal, eventually releasing GABA to the GABA-A receptors of its postsynaptic neuron. Which type of neurotransmission does this describe?

A receptor with four transmembrane regions changes conformation as GABA binds. Which system is this process?

The suprachiasmatic nucleus or the brain's "pacemaker", is influenced by activity, light, and which one of the following neurotransmitters?

A 44-year-old male with schizophrenia has been taking Haloperidol since his diagnosis at age 24. The patient has recently experienced "jerky" movement of his arms as well as involuntary movements of his face. Which of the following options is likely the underlying cause?

A 34-year-old male recently began experiencing breast secretions while receiving Risperidone. The PMHNP understands that adding a 5HT2A antagonist action to D2 antagonism lessens the elevation of prolactin. Elevated prolactin is caused by what mechanism?

Although all D2/5HT2A/5HT1A drugs for treating psychosis share a class warning for causing weight gain and risks for obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia/ diabetes mellitus, there is actually a spectrum of risk among the various agents. What agents carry a "high metabolic risk"? Select all that applies:

A rare but life-threatening cardiometabolic problem is known to be associated with serotonin/ dopamine agents that treat psychosis: namely, an association with the sudden occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or the related condition hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS). To aid in the prevention of this cardiometabolic problem, the psychopharmacologist's metabolic monitoring tool kit was developed. What does this monitoring tool kit consists of?

What antipsychotic agent is approved to treat bipolar depression and approved to be utilized as an augmenting agent to SSRIS/SNRIs in unipolar depression?

What antipsychotic virtually causes no motor side effects nor prolactin elevations, but has a moderate risk for weight gain and metabolic disturbances?

lloperidone has a potent a1 antagonism. What side-effect is associated with a1 antagonism?

What conventional antipsychotic has relatively little anticholinergic or antihistaminic binding activity?

The blockade of what receptors causes dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, and constipation?

A 28 year old male was recently diagnosed with schizophrenia. He has a body mass index of 30, fasting triglycerides of 250mg/dL, and fasting glucose of 125mg/dL. Which of the following medications is least likely to worsen his metabolic profile?

Aripiprazole is generally well tolerated with little weight gain but some patients may experience what associated side- effect?

Fill in the blank ______ is also the only antipsychotic that has been documented to reduce the risk of suicide in schizophrenia and may have a particular niche in treating aggression and violence in psychotic patients.

During darkness, there is no input from the retinohypothalamic tract to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Thus, darkness signals the pineal gland to produce melatonin. What part of the brain is the SCN located?

A 20 year old female patient with schizophrenia has been stabilized on an antipsychotic, but is complaining that she is too tired and sleepy to attend her classes at the local community college. She verbalizes, "I want to try something else that does not cause me to be so sleepy during the day." Which of the following options below may be considered to least likely cause sedation.

A 26-year-old female patient noted restless, marching in place while standing, and foot tapping. The PMHNP collectively recognizes these are symptoms of akathisia. Which of the following would be most appropriate for treatment of akathisia? (Select all that applies)

A patient has been taking a D2 blocking agent and has developed muscle rigidity and high fever. What medication would the patient mostly receive for these symptoms?

Impulsivity is associated with a cortico-striatothalamo-cortical loop that involves which of the monoamine projections, in the brain, that may account for a person's impulsive behavior? Select the correct option below

There are well-known side effects of lithium which includes: gastrointestinal symptoms such as dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, as well as weight gain, hair loss, acne, tremor, sedation, decreased cognition, and incoordination. When considering a patient receiving long-term treatment of Lithium, what organs may be impacted by this medication regarding potential adverse effects? (Select all that applies).

A 28-year-old female presents with a depressive episode. She has previously been hospitalized and treated for manic episode, but is not currently taking any medication. Practice guidelines indicate preferential use of which of the following to treat bipolar depression?

Fill in the blank _______ antidepressants block voltage-sensitive sodium channels in the brain (top) and heart (bottom). In overdose, this action can lead to coma, seizures, arrhythmia, and even death.

Which medication theoretically reduces glutamate release by inhibiting voltage-sensitive sodium channels, and is used in the treatment of bipolar disorder?