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    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is assessing a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis. The client's respirations are deep and regular, with a respiratory rate of 28 and an oxygen saturation of 99% on room air. How should the nurse interpret this finding?
      A)
      The client is experiencing orthopnea.
      B)
      The client is in respiratory distress.
      C)
      The client is exhibiting bradypnea.
      D)
      The client is exhibiting Kussmaul's breathing.
    2. A nurse assesses a client with a history of heavy smoking and notes a persistent cough, unexplained weight loss, and hemoptysis. Which should the nurse find most concerning?
      A)
      Gradual weight loss over the past several months
      B)
      Hemoptysis reported during coughing episodes
      C)
      Dull chest pain described as intermittent
      D)
      Fatigue that has worsened over the last two weeks
    3. A client with left-sided heart failure complains of dyspnea on exertion and a productive cough. The nurse is performing a focused respiratory assessment. Which respiratory finding(s) should the nurse expect to observe in this client? (Select all that apply)
      (SATA)
      A)
      Pleural friction rub
      B)
      Use of accessory muscles for breathing
      C)
      Cough with white, frothy sputum
      D)
      S3 gallop on cardiac auscultation
      E)
      Increased anteroposterior chest diameter
    4. A client asks the nurse to explain the benefits of weight management. How should the nurse respond?
      A)
      "Weight management helps reduce heart disease by increasing Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels."
      B)
      "Weight management helps reduce heart disease by reducing the need for physical activity."
      C)
      "Weight management helps reduce heart disease by promoting the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries."
      D)
      "Weight management helps reduce heart disease by lowering blood pressure and reducing heart strain."
    Page 1 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. The nurse assesses a pregnant client for cardiac complications. Which maternal report should prompt the nurse to further investigate potential cardiac complications in pregnancy?
      A)
      "I have been gaining weight and my ankles are swelling."
      B)
      "I have occasional heartburn and mild indigestion after spicy foods."
      C)
      "I have to nap in the afternoon and sometimes rest after lunch."
      D)
      "I get tired and short of breath when I walk up two flights of stairs."
    2. The nurse is reviewing a client's health history. Which finding puts the client at greatest risk for heart disease?
      A)
      The client quit smoking 10 years ago.
      B)
      The client reports they enjoy walking their dog at night.
      C)
      The client reports eating a low-sodium diet.
      D)
      The client reports they sit most of the day at work.
    3. Which are expected physiological change(s) in the respiratory system of an older adult? (Select all that apply)
      (SATA)
      A)
      Increased anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the thorax
      B)
      Increased vital capacity
      C)
      Decreased elastic recoil of the lungs
      D)
      Calcification of costal cartilages
      E)
      Hyperresonance on percussion
    4. How and where should the nurse auscultate the apex of the heart?
      A)
      Use the bell to auscultate in the second intercostal space.
      B)
      Use the diaphragm to auscultate in the fifth intercostal space.
      C)
      Use the bell to auscultate in the fourth intercostal space.
      D)
      Use the diaphragm to auscultate in the third intercostal space.
    Page 2 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is analyzing assessment findings for several clients. Which finding would be expected?
      A)
      An older adult client who has a right carotid artery bruit.
      B)
      An adult client with a heave that is palpable on the anterior chest.
      C)
      An adult client with a difference of 6 beats between the radial and apical pulse.
      D)
      An older adult client whose blood pressure has gradually increased with age.
    2. A client is being admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia. Which assessment finding should the nurse address first?
      A)
      Oral temperature is 99.2 F
      B)
      Respirations are 24 and labored
      C)
      Blood pressure supine is 134/78
      D)
      Heart rate is 105
    3. A nurse is assessing an adolescent client and observes an abnormal curvature of the thoracic spine, the client has scoliosis? Which finding should the nurse expect
      A)
      Lateral S-shaped curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine
      B)
      Anteroposterior diameter equals transverse diameter
      C)
      Marked depression of the sternum with sunken chest appearance
      D)
      Forward protrusion of the sternum and ribs
    4. Which are common clinical finding(s) in older adults with chronic respiratory conditions? (Select all that apply)
      A)
      Prolonged expiratory phase
      B)
      Tripod positioning for breathing
      C)
      Decreased tactile fremitus
      D)
      Hyperresonance on percussion
      E)
      Increased breath sounds intensity
    Page 3 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse cares for a group of clients with respiratory conditions. Which client should the nurse see first?
      A)
      A client with a pneumothorax with absent lung sounds on the left side
      B)
      A client with asthma who requests a refill of their inhaler before discharge
      C)
      A client with emphysema who is on 2 L/min of oxygen via nasal cannula
      D)
      A client with pneumonia who was just started on intravenous antibiotics
    2. A nurse cares for a group of clients with cardiac conditions. Which client should the nurse see first?
      A)
      A client with new confusion and blood pressure of 82/53 mmHg
      B)
      A client with a heart murmur and heart rate of 89 beats per minute
      C)
      A client with stable angina who reports chest pain relieved by rest
      D)
      A client with a history of heart failure who has worsening edema
    3. A client presents with new-onset heart failure. Which finding(s) should the nurse recognize as manifestations of left-sided heart failure? (Select all that apply)
      A)
      Cough with pink, frothy sputum
      B)
      Jugular vein distention
      C)
      Shortness of breath when lying flat
      D)
      Fatigue that worsens in the evening
      E)
      Dependent peripheral edema
    4. The nurse cares for a client newly diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) who expresses fear about dying young. What action should the nurse implement first?
      A)
      Provide a pamphlet on FH and encourage the client to join a support group
      B)
      Reassure the client that everything will be fine
      C)
      Offer the client a list of low-fat diet recipes
      D)
      Assess the client’s understanding of FH
    Page 4 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. Which of the following is the most effective way to protect the lungs from exposure to harmful substances in a high-risk occupational setting?
      A)
      Implementing workplace ventilation systems
      B)
      Using a portable personal air monitor
      C)
      Wearing a standard surgical mask daily
      D)
      Wearing a fitted N95 respirator
    2. A nurse assesses the heart rate of an adult client and notes it to be 52 beats per minute. What assessment should the nurse perform?
      A)
      Inquire if the client is having pain
      B)
      Ask about the client's medications
      C)
      Check if the client is having anxiety
      D)
      Observe for intercostal retractions
    3. Which heart sound is produced by the closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves and signals the beginning of systole?
      A)
      S2
      B)
      S1
      C)
      S4
      D)
      S3
    4. The nurse cares for a group of clients. After assessing each client, which client(s) require follow-up action from the nurse? (Select all that apply)
      A)
      A client with a blood pressure of 168/91 mmHg and a headache.
      B)
      A client with a blood pressure of 96/63 mmHg who says they "feel faint."
      C)
      A client with a capillary refill of 4 seconds in the right extremity fingers.
      D)
      A client with a heart rate of 112 beats per minute and irregular rhythm.
      E)
      A client with jugular vein distention and coarse crackles in the lungs.
    Page 5 of 13

    Exam Review

    1. The nurse received shift report on several clients. Which client should the nurse assess first?
      A)
      A client with post-operative atelectasis who becomes suddenly short of breath
      B)
      A client with lung cancer who has fatigue, nausea, weight loss, and mild cough
      C)
      A client with pneumonia is being discharged and needs an influenza vaccination
      D)
      A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a barrel chest
      E)
      A client with jugular vein distention and coarse crackles in the lungs.
    2. The nurse is evaluating the client's understanding of non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of non-modifiable risk factors?
      A)
      "I will ask my mother about our family history."
      B)
      "I will make an appointment with a dietician."
      C)
      "I will limit my daily alcohol intake."
      D)
      "I will start a regular walking schedule."
    3. The nurse is providing discharge education for a client who is at risk for cardiovascular disease. Which statement by the client indicates a need for additional education?
      A)
      "I will take my prescribed medications even if I am feeling well."
      B)
      "I will incorporate more fruits and vegetables into my daily diet."
      C)
      "I will switch from smoking regular cigarettes to electronic."
      D)
      "I will limit my intake of saturated fats and trans fats."
    4. During a respiratory assessment, the nurse observes that the client is sitting and leaning forward with arms braced on the knees. What should the nurse document about this posture?
      A)
      Client is exhibiting a tripod position.
      B)
      Client is exhibiting signs of musculoskeletal discomfort.
      C)
      Client is exhibiting a relaxed position.
      D)
      Client is exhibiting normal postural alignment.
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