Medical-Surgical Nursing
COPD Nursing Management
Overview
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. It is primarily caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gases, most commonly tobacco smoke. Nursing care involves optimizing gas exchange, clearing secretions, and preventing exacerbations.
Key nursing concepts
- COPD is a progressive disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation.
- Emphysema involves the destruction of alveoli and loss of lung elasticity.
- Chronic bronchitis involves a productive cough for 3 months in 2 consecutive years.
- Patients often have a chronic cough and progressive dyspnea on exertion.
- Air trapping leads to hyperinflation of the lungs and a barrel chest.
- Low-flow oxygen is typically used to avoid suppressing the hypoxic drive.
Important nursing considerations
- Maintain oxygen saturation above 90 percent or as prescribed.
- Encourage the use of an incentive spirometer 10 times per hour while awake.
- Monitor sputum color, consistency, and volume daily.
- Position the patient in an upright sitting position to maximize lung expansion.
- Administer bronchodilators before administering inhaled corticosteroids.
- Assess for the presence of a barrel chest or clubbing of the fingers.
Patient teaching
- Teach pursed-lip breathing to help remove trapped air from the lungs.
- Instruct the patient to receive annual influenza and pneumonia vaccinations.
- Advise the patient to eat small, frequent, high-calorie meals to prevent fatigue.
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COPD Nursing Management flashcards
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Original NursGuru study notes for exam preparation. Pending educator review — always follow your program, current guidelines and institutional policy.