Nutrition
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
Overview
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) provides intravenous macro and micronutrients to patients who cannot utilize their gastrointestinal tract. Because of its high glucose concentration, TPN is highly caustic to peripheral veins and requires central venous access. Nursing care focuses on infection prevention, metabolic monitoring, and maintaining infusion consistency.
Key nursing concepts
- TPN is a hypertonic solution containing glucose, amino acids, and lipids.
- It is indicated for non-functional GI tracts or severe malabsorption.
- Strict sterile technique is required during site care and bag changes.
- Parenteral nutrition must be administered through a central line.
- Gradual weaning is necessary to maintain glucose stability.
- Electrolyte imbalances are frequent and require daily monitoring.
Important nursing considerations
- Verify TPN solution with another RN against the provider order.
- Monitor serum glucose levels every 4 to 6 hours.
- Use a dedicated lumen of a central venous access device.
- Change the TPN tubing and filter every 24 hours.
- Monitor for signs of catheter-related bloodstream infection.
- Never abruptly stop TPN to prevent rebound hypoglycemia.
Patient teaching
- Inform the nurse immediately if the pump alarm sounds.
- Do not adjust the flow rate of the infusion.
- Report chills or fever, which may indicate a line infection.
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Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) flashcards
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Original NursGuru study notes for exam preparation. Pending educator review — always follow your program, current guidelines and institutional policy.