MS results in axonal degeneration along with demyelination, while GBS is primarily characterized by demyelination without significant axonal damage.

MS primarily affects sensory nerve fibers, while GBS primarily affects motor nerve fibers.

MS is characterized by patchy, multifocal demyelination, while GBS involves diffuse demyelination along nerve roots.

MS involves demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS), while GBS involves demyelination in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).