"The ductus arteriosus is a shunt that allows oxygenated blood in the umbilical vein to bypass the liver and go to the heart."

"The ductus venosus is a shunt that allows oxygenated blood in the umbilical vein to bypass the liver and go to the heart."

"The foramen ovale is a shunt that allows deoxygenated blood in the umbilical vein to bypass the liver and go to the heart."

"The ductus aorta is a shunt that allows deoxygenated blood in the umbilical artery to bypass the liver and go to the heart”