A. Friction and shear: The Braden Scale includes friction and shear as a key category because these forces can damage the skin and underlying tissues. Friction occurs when skin rubs against surfaces, while shear results when subcutaneous tissue moves differently from the overlying skin, increasing the risk of pressure injury. Assessment of these factors helps identify clients at higher risk. B. Activity: Activity level is assessed on the Braden Scale to determine how often a client moves independently. Reduced activity, such as prolonged bed rest or limited mobility, increases pressure on bony prominences and predisposes the client to pressure ulcer development. Evaluating activity helps guide repositioning and mobility interventions. C. Sensory perception: Sensory perception is a Braden Scale category that measures a client’s ability to perceive and respond to discomfort or pain from prolonged pressure. Impaired sensation, such as in neuropathy or sedation, reduces the client’s ability to shift weight, increasing the risk for skin breakdown and pressure injuries. D. Cognition: Cognition is not a separate category in the Braden Scale. While cognitive deficits may indirectly affect mobility or the ability to follow repositioning instructions, the scale focuses on sensory perception rather than cognitive function. Therefore, cognition is not formally assessed within the Braden risk categories. E. Moisture: Moisture is included in the Braden Scale because excessive skin wetness from sweat, incontinence, or wound drainage can macerate the skin, making it more susceptible to breakdown. Assessment of moisture exposure informs preventive measures such as barrier creams, frequent cleansing, and moisture management.