Choice A rationale Diaphragmatic breathing is the predominant pattern, but chest retraction is an abnormal finding, signifying increased respiratory effort or distress, often due to decreased lung compliance or airway obstruction, and is not a characteristic of a normal, healthy full-term newborn's breathing. Normal respiratory rate is 30-60 breaths/minute. Choice B rationale Newborn breathing is often characterized by periodic (irregular) breathing, including short pauses (apnea) of less than 15 seconds, making a consistently regular rhythm an inaccurate description. Deep breathing is also not the usual description; respirations are typically shallow and relatively even. Choice C rationale Nasal flaring is a sign of respiratory distress, indicating the newborn is using accessory muscles to decrease airway resistance and is not a normal observation in a healthy newborn. Normal breathing relies mainly on the diaphragm, with chest movement being secondary and synchronous. Choice D rationale A full-term newborn typically breathes using their diaphragm and abdominal muscles, resulting in observable abdominal movement. The chest walls are flexible, causing synchronous or passive movements with the abdominal effort, which defines the normal and predominant breathing pattern. —.