A. Managers have a vertical relationship to those they oversee, reflecting a formal hierarchy; leaders may influence without formal authority. B. Being about the person rather than simply about the work applies more to leaders, who inspire and motivate individuals beyond tasks. C. Managers require subordinates to fulfill organizational roles; leadership can exist without formal subordinates. D. Not having subordinates describes leaders who can influence peers or teams without formal managerial authority. E. Managers have an organizational position with a title and function, which distinguishes them from informal leaders.