Microbiology Proctored Exam

Commercial products containing which types of chemicals are more effective at killing microorganisms?

Transcription occurs in the nucleus or at the nucleoid.

A child exposed to cowpox develops immunity to smallpox. This demonstrates:

Antibiotic treatment disrupts intestinal bacteria and leads to infection. This shows the importance of:

An organism with a temperature growth range of 45 to 60°C would be called

Two enzymes act on a substrate and both are activated within the cell; therefore they are both exoenzymes.

Physical methods of microbial control will typically sterilize, whereas chemical methods will only disinfect.

The minimum number of microbes needed to cause infection is:

A virus integrates its DNA into host chromosomes and contributes to cancer development. This virus is:

Virulence factors include all the following, except

Which bonds hold base pairs in DNA together?

A virus immediately produces proteins from its RNA genome after infection. The genome is:

The minimum sterilizing conditions in a steam autoclave are

Which mutations cause a frameshift?

The use of chemical agents directly on exposed body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens is

The DNA of prokaryotes is located in the:

Functions of the bacterial cell membrane include

The function of bacterial endospores is

Which of the following codons are referred to STOP codons? Select all that apply.

Exotoxins are:

Antimicrobics effective against only gram-positive bacteria would be termed

The amount of energy required to initiate every metabolic reaction is called

Helicase ________

Disinfection of beverages, such as apple juice, milk, and wine, is optimally achieved by

Bacterial cell membranes are arranged in such a way that the hydrophilic ends of the phospholipids are buried in the center of the membrane while the hydrophobic ends of the phospholipids are exposed