Pathophisiology Proctored Exam

A patient with heart failure was recently diagnosed with pre-renal acute kidney injury (AKI). The nurse demonstrates an understanding of the new diagnosis from her knowledge that the glomerular filtra

Nephrotoxins, such as antibiotics or snake venom, may be responsible for and lead to intra-renal acute kidney injury (AKI)?

A nurse suspects post-renal acute kidney injury (AKI) in a patient who presents with and has a long-standing history of

A patient is diagnosed with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (GN). The pathophysiology of acute glomerulonephritis usually includes all the following except

A patient has had chronic kidney disease (CKD) for many years. He is at risk for developing as a result of

A patient with a history of renal failure presents to the emergency department with altered mental status, anorexia, and pruritus. Which laboratory finding correlates with these signs and symptoms?

The nurse identifies that 40 ml of amber urine with a urine specific gravity of 1.029 is an indication of a patient’s

A patient with intra-renal acute kidney injury (AKI) develops chronic kidney disease (CKD) over a period of time. His treatment would likely include

A woman is diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer. She is upset and crying. She asks her nurse how this could have happened. Which response by the nurse indicates an understanding of this illness?

A report of an abnormal vaginal discharge and constant pelvic-area pain by a patient should lead the nurse to suspect

A man presents to the emergency department complaining of sudden onset of one-sided flank pain and hematuria. He is pacing the floor, which he says helps to distract him from the excruciating, colicky

Following a house fire, a patient presents to the emergency department. She is coughing up blood-tinged, frothy sputum and complaining of dyspnea. Arterial blood gases are drawn and the results are: p

Arterial blood gases are drawn on a patient. The results are: pH = 7.30, PCO2 = 55, PO2 = 80, HCO3 = 25. Which illness state might cause this disturbance?

Which signs and symptoms would most likely represent a patient with increased work of breathing?

A young girl with a history of asthma is brought to her family nurse practitioner. The child is wheezing and has prolonged expirations. The basic etiology of her signs and symptoms includes

The nurse taking care of a patient with emphysema notes that he is very thin and barrel-chested, has a respiratory rate of 26, and is using accessory muscles and pursed-lip breathing. The pathological

The nurse taking care of a patient with emphysema notes that he is very thin and barrel-chested, has a respiratory rate of 26, and is using accessory muscles and pursed-lip breathing. In assisting thi

A young girl with a history of asthma is brought to her family nurse practitioner. The family nurse practitioner’s treatment plan for this asthmatic patient will include bronchodilators and a peak flo

A patient begins experiencing dyspnea. The patient’s healthcare provider orders a ventilation-perfusion lung scan and the results indicate a ventilation-perfusion ratio of 1.0. This abnormal ratio sho

A patient develops a pneumothorax from the rupture of a weakened alveoli. What physiologic sequela occurs as a result of a closed pneumothorax?

Following a house fire, a patient presents to the emergency department. She is coughing up blood-tinged, frothy sputum and complaining of dyspnea. Upon auscultation of her lungs, the nurse hears crack

Inadequate chest expansion and problems with inhalation are most likely to be caused by

A patient complains he has trouble walking. The pain in his leg increases when he walks and decreases when he rests. This pattern is known as

A patient has been diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Which statement related to the diagnosis is most likely true?

A nurse administers nitroglycerin to a patient who is having chest pain. Which response correctly describes the rationale for its administration? Nitroglycerin