Exam Review
- A patient has a traumatic brain injury. The nurse assesses the following: Pulse change from 82 to 60 beats/min, Pulse pressure increase from 26 to 40 mm Hg, and Respiratory irregularities. What action by the nurse takes priority?A)Increase the rate of the IV fluid administration.B)Notify the provider immediately.C)Prepare to give IV pain medication.D)Notify respiratory therapy for a breathing treatment.
- A patient with a spinal cord lesion at T4 tells the nurse that he has a headache and feels flushed. The blood pressure is significantly elevated to 190/100. The first action by the nurse is to:A)Recheck all of the patient's vital signs.B)Elevate the patient's knees and lower the head of the bed.C)Elevate the head of the bed immediately and notify the provider.D)Administer PRN Tylenol for the patient's headache.
- When providing care for a client hospitalized with acute pancreatitis who has acute abdominal pain, which nursing interventions would be most appropriate for this client? Select all that apply.(SATA)A)Place the client in a side-lying position.B)Administer hydromorphone for pain as prescribed.C)Obtain daily weights.D)Maintain a high-calorie, high-protein diet.E)Monitor the client's respiratory status.
- A nursing student learns about modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease. Which factors does this include? Select all that apply.(SATA)A)AgeB)HypertensionC)ObesityD)SmokingE)Stress
Exam Review
- Which client warrants immediate intervention by the nurse?a) The client with a heart rate of 56/min and a blood pressure of 110/70.b) The client diagnosed with mitral valve regurgitation who has a thready peripheral pulse.c) The client diagnosed with pericarditis who has chest pain with inspiration.d) The client with a history of atrial fibrillation who has developed slurred speech.The correct answer is: d) The client with a history of atrial fibrillation who has developed slurred speech.Choice A reason: A heart rate of 56/min and a blood pressure of 110/70, while slightly lower than normal, may not require immediate intervention unless accompanied by other symptoms. Bradycardia (a slow heart rate) and this blood pressure reading can be within acceptable limits for some individuals, especially if they are asymptomatic.Choice B reason: Mitral valve regurgitation with a thready peripheral pulse indicates a decrease in cardiac output, which can be concerning. However, it may not require immediate intervention unless the client shows signs of severe decompensation or other critical symptoms. Continuous monitoring and evaluation are essential, but immediate action might not be necessary.Choice C reason: Chest pain with inspiration in a client with pericarditis can be a symptom of the condition itself, which involves inflammation of the pericardium. While pain management and monitoring are important, this symptom alone may not necessitate immediate intervention unless it is severe or accompanied by other alarming signs.Choice D reason: The development of slurred speech in a client with a history of atrial fibrillation is a critical symptom that warrants immediate intervention. Slurred speech can be a sign of a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)The client with a heart rate of 56/min and a blood pressure of 110/70.B)The client diagnosed with mitral valve regurgitation who has a thready peripheral pulse.C)The client diagnosed with pericarditis who has chest pain with inspiration.D)The client with a history of atrial fibrillation who has developed slurred speech.
- A nurse cares for a patient who has cirrhosis of the liver. What action would the nurse take to decrease the presence of ascites?A)Monitor intake and output.B)Provide a low-sodium diet.C)Increase oral fluid intake.D)Weigh the patient daily.
- A nurse recognizes that alterations in cardiac output are caused by changes in heart rate, preload, afterload, and contractility. Which interventions are correctly matched to treat the cause of low cardiac output? Select all that apply.a) Low afterload: administer vasopressor.b) Low afterload: administer vasodilator.c) Low right atrial (RA)Low afterload: administer vasopressor.B)Low afterload: administer vasodilator.C)Low right atrial (RA) pressure: administer diuretics.D)Low preload: administer fluid bolus.E)High preload: administer diuretic or vasodilator.
- Which treatment best applies to the care of a client newly diagnosed with infective endocarditis?A)Complete bedrest for the duration of the treatment with subcutaneous enoxaparin.B)Long-term anticoagulant therapy with IV heparin followed by oral warfarin.C)Administration of IV penicillin, followed by oral penicillin for 10 weeks.D)Hospitalization for initial IV antibiotics, followed by continued IV antibiotics at home.
Exam Review
- A nurse is caring for a patient who experienced a cervical spine injury 12 hours ago and is experiencing spinal shock. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate giving?A)AlbuminB)NitroprussideC)DexamethasoneD)Furosemide
- A nurse assesses a patient in an outpatient clinic. Which statement alerts the nurse to the possibility of left-sided heart failure?A)I must stop halfway up the stairs to catch my breath.B)I am awakened by the need to urinate at night.C)I have been drinking more water than usual.D)I have experienced blurred vision on several occasions.
- The nursing care priorities for the patient with burn injuries include wound care, nutritional support, and prevention of complications such as infection. Based on these care priorities, the patient is most likely in which phase of burn care?A)RehabilitativeB)AcuteC)EmergentD)Immediate resuscitative
- A nurse is caring for a patient with a head injury who has developed diabetes insipidus and is receiving vasopressin (Desmopressin). The nurse understands the therapeutic outcome is a decrease in:A)Blood pressure.B)Urine output.C)Level of consciousness.D)Specific gravity.
Exam Review
- The nurse is caring for a patient with emphysema and respiratory failure who is receiving mechanical ventilation through an endotracheal tube. To prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), which action is most important to include in the plan of care?A)Keep the head of the bed elevated at least 30 degrees.B)Administer ordered antibiotics as scheduled.C)Hyperoxygenate the patient before suctioning.D)Suction the airway every 2 hours.
- A nurse cares for a patient who has a heart rate averaging 54 beats/min with no adverse symptoms. Which activity modification would the nurse suggest to avoid further slowing of the heart rate?A)Avoid straining while having a bowel movement.B)Limit your intake of caffeinated drinks to one a day.C)Make certain that your bath water is warm.D)Modify any strenuous exercise such as running.
- Which instruction would best reduce the symptoms of a client with heart failure and assure more comfort at home?A)Explain ways to decrease paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.B)Discuss the effects of medications, ways to assess fluid balance, and positions for enhancing respirations.C)Teach stress management techniques.D)Provide a list of support systems in the community.
- A patient with angina is receiving Nitroglycerin and begins to complain of a severe headache. What is the most appropriate response from the nurse?A)Headaches can occur due to the vasoconstriction effect of the medication.B)I can give you some Morphine to help with that headache.C)I will notify the physician immediately.D)This is a normal side effect of Nitroglycerin as it dilates your body's vessels.
Exam Review
- A nurse cares for a patient who is prescribed lactulose (Heptalac). The patient states, "I do not want to take this medication because it causes diarrhea." How would the nurse respond?A)Diarrhea is expected; that's how your body gets rid of ammonia.B)You may take Kaopectate liquid daily for loose stools.C)Do not take any more of the medication until your stools firm up.D)We will need to send a stool specimen to the laboratory.
- A patient is admitted with acute kidney injury and the following assessment cues: K: 6.9 (3.5-5.0) Cr: 3.2 (0.6-1.2) Urine: 300 mL/24 hrs What priority actions should be anticipated by the nurse? Select all that apply.A)Place the patient on a cardiac monitor immediately.B)Weigh the patient immediately.C)Anticipate a fluid bolus.D)Ask to have the laboratory redraw the blood specimen.E)Anticipate an order for a diuretic.F)Prepare to administer IV insulin and dextrose as ordered.G)Administer Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene) as ordered.
- The nurse correlates which rationale with the administration of aspirin to the client experiencing angina-like chest pain?A)Analgesic properties without sedation.B)Vasoconstriction and improved blood flow.C)Platelet inhibition to reduce clot formation.D)Cardiotonic properties and improved contraction.
- A nurse admits a patient who is experiencing an exacerbation of heart failure. Drag and drop in order of priority actions.A)Administer the prescribed intravenous furosemide (Lasix).B)Ask the patient about an advanced directiveC)Assess the client's respiratory status.D)Draw blood to assess the patient's serum electrolytes.
Exam Review
- The nurse notes that a client with acute pancreatitis occasionally experiences muscle twitching and jerking. How should the nurse interpret the relevance of these symptoms?A)The client needs a muscle relaxant.B)The client has a nutritional imbalance.C)The client is experiencing a reaction to morphine.D)The client may be developing hypocalcemia.
- Following paracentesis, during which 2500 mL of fluid was removed, which assessment finding is most important to communicate to the healthcare provider (HCP)?A)The client's albumin level is increased.B)The client's platelet count is normal.C)The dressing has a 2-cm area of serous drainage.D)The client's heart rate is 122 beats/min.
- The nurse should anticipate which of these dietary measures for a patient admitted with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis?A)Maintain NPO status.B)Soft, bland diet.C)Regular diet.D)Low-fat, high-fiber diet.
- A nurse in the emergency room is performing an assessment on a burn victim. She notes his face is a cherry-red color and suspects which of the following problems?A)Carbon monoxide poisoningB)Smoke inhalationC)Uremic poisoningD)Acute anemic hypertension