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    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is admitting a client who has tuberculosis and a productive cough. Which of the following types of isolation precautions should the nurse initiate for the client?
      A)
      Airborne
      B)
      Droplet
      C)
      Protective
      D)
      Contact
    2. When educating a patient with tuberculosis (TB) about medication adherence, which of the following instructions is most important?
      A)
      if you miss a dose, double the next dose to catch up.
      B)
      Stop taking medications as soon as symptoms improve to avoid side effects.
      C)
      Take your medications at the same time every day to maintain consistent drug levels.
      D)
      it's okay to skip doses on weekends when symptoms are less noticeable.
    3. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for a patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) experiencing difficulty breathing due to increased secretions?
      A)
      Applying a cold compress to the patient's chest
      B)
      Encouraging the patient to lie flat to rest
      C)
      Administering bronchodilators as prescribed
      D)
      Increasing the patient's fluid intake to 500 mL daily
    4. Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of long-acting and short-acting inhalers for asthma management?
      A)
      Short-acting inhalers should be used before exercise to prevent long-term asthma symptoms.
      B)
      Long-acting inhalers can replace the need for short-acting inhalers entirely.
      C)
      Short-acting inhalers should be taken daily to prevent asthma attacks.
      D)
      Long-acting inhalers should be used regularly to maintain control of asthma symptoms.
    Page 1 of 12

    Exam Review

    1. Which of the following is an essential component of asthma self-management education for patients?
      A)
      Taking medication only when symptoms are severe
      B)
      Avoiding all physical activities to prevent asthma attacks
      C)
      Understanding how to use a peak flow meter
      D)
      Ingesting a high-caffeine diet to improve breathing
    2. A nurse is auscultating the breath sounds of a client who has asthma. When the client exhales, the nurse hears continuous high-pitched squeaking sounds. The nurse should document this as which of the following adventitious breath sounds?
      A)
      Rhonchi
      B)
      Crackles
      C)
      Wheezes
      D)
      Stridor
    3. During a respiratory assessment, which of the following findings is most indicative of a pneumothorax?
      A)
      Stridor on inspiration
      B)
      Wheezing on expiration
      C)
      Absent breath sounds on one side
      D)
      Crackles on inspiration
    4. A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who has COPD. The nurse should include which of the following interventions in the plan?
      A)
      Restrict the client's fluid intake to less than 2 U/day.
      B)
      Provide the client with a low-protein diet.
      C)
      Instruct the client to use pursed-lip breathing.
      D)
      Have the client use the early-morning hours for exercise and activity.
    Page 2 of 12

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse in an urgent care center is caring for a client who is having an acute asthma exacerbation. Which of the following actions is the nurse's highest priority?
      A)
      Positioning the client in high-Fowler's
      B)
      Administering a nebulized beta-adrenergic
      C)
      Providing immediate rest for the client
      D)
      Initiating oxygen therapy
    2. A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is short of breath. When reviewing the client's arterial blood gases (ABGS), which of the following conditions should the nurse anticipate the client to be experiencing?
      A)
      Respiratory alkalosis
      B)
      Respiratory acidosis
      C)
      Metabolic alkalosis
      D)
      Metabolic acidosis
    3. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has asthma and new prescriptions for cromolyn and albuterol, both by nebulizer. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
      A)
      "I will use both medications immediately after exercising
      B)
      "If my breathing begins to feel tight. I will use the cromolyn immediately."
      C)
      "I will administer the medications 10 minutes apart."
      D)
      "I will be sure to take the albuterol before taking the cromolyn."
    4. The nurse is teaching a patient recently diagnosed with coccidioidomycosis. Which patient statement indicates a need for further teaching? (Select All that Apply.)
      A)
      it's important to monitor for symptoms like fever and fatigue and report them to my doctor.
      B)
      I should expect my symptoms to resolve within a week without treatment.
      C)
      I can stop my medication once i start feeling better.
      D)
      It's important to rest and maintain a healthy diet to support my recovery.
      E)
      I need to take antifungal medications as prescribed by my healthcare provider.
    Page 3 of 12

    Exam Review

    1. A client with a pulmonary embolus has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH. 7.49: partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), 60 mm Hg partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 30 mm Hg: bicarbonate (HCO3-1 25 mEq/L. What should the nurse do first?
      A)
      Increase fluid intake.
      B)
      Administer oxygen therapy.
      C)
      Administer sodium bicarbonate.
      D)
      Prepare the client for mechanical ventilation.
    2. Which of the following is the most effective indicator of improved ventilation in a patient with COPD after a nursing intervention?
      A)
      increased respiratory rate
      B)
      Decreased use of accessory muscles during breathing
      C)
      Cyanosis of the lips and fingertips
      D)
      Increased use of bronchodilator medications
    3. A nurse is caring for a client who has pneumonia and a prescription for oxygen therapy at 5 L/min via nasal cannula. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
      A)
      Secure the oxygen tubing to the bed sheet near the client's head.
      B)
      Attach a humidifier bottle to the base of the flow meter.
      C)
      Remove the nasal cannula while the client eats.
      D)
      Apply petroleum jelly to the nares as needed to soothe mucous membranes.
    4. A nurse is caring for a client who has pneumonia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to promote thinning of respiratory secretions?
      A)
      Encourage the client to ambulate frequently.
      B)
      Encourage regular use of the incentive spirometer.
      C)
      Encourage coughing and deep breathing.
      D)
      Encourage the client to increase fluid intake.
    Page 4 of 12

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse assesses a client who is admitted with an acid-base imbalance. The client's arterial blood gas values are pH 7.32. PaO2 85 mm Hg, PaCO2 34 mm Hg. and HCO3⁻16 mEq/L. What action should the nurse take next?
      A)
      Encourage deep breathing exercises.
      B)
      Administer sodium bicarbonate intravenously.
      C)
      Place the client on a ventilator.
      D)
      Increase the client's oxygen flow rate.
    2. A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a female client who reports shortness of breath and pain in the chest. The client states she began taking oral contraceptives 3 weeks ago and that she smokes. Her vital signs are: heart rate 110/min, respiratory rate 40/min, and blood pressure 140/80 mm Hg. Arterial blood gas results are: pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 29 mm Hg, PaO₂ 60 mm Hg, HCO₃⁻ 20 mEq/L, and SaO₂ 86%. Which of the following is the priority nursing intervention?
      A)
      Administer oxygen via face mask
      B)
      Prepare for mechanical ventilation
      C)
      Prepare to administer a sedative
      D)
      Assess for indications of pulmonary embolism
    3. A nurse is collaborating on care for a client who has COPD. Which of the following tasks should the nurse recommend be referred to an occupational therapist for assistance?
      A)
      Instructing how to measure oxygen saturation
      B)
      Instructing how to use kitchen tools to prepare a meal
      C)
      Instructing how to perform pursed-lip breathing
      D)
      Instruction how to plan a diet based on individual caloric needs
    4. A diabetic patient's ABG results indicate metabolic acidosis. Which clinical finding would the nurse expect?
      A)
      Kussmaul respirations
      B)
      Peripheral edema
      C)
      Hypertension
      D)
      Bradycardia
    Page 5 of 12

    Exam Review

    1. Which of the following interventions is most important for a nurse to implement in the care plan of a patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) to promote effective breathing?
      A)
      instruct the patient to avoid all physical activity to prevent shortness of breath.
      B)
      Recommend a high-carbohydrate diet to increase energy levels
      C)
      Encourage the patient to perform pursed-lip breathing exercises.
      D)
      Advise the patient to drink less water to prevent fluid overload.
    2. What is the priority intervention for a patient experiencing respiratory acidosis?
      A)
      Administer sodium bicarbonate
      B)
      Increase ventilatory support
      C)
      Administer supplemental oxygen
      D)
      Encourage deep breathing exercises
    3. A nurse in a provider's office is assessing a client. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings are manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis? (Select all that apply)
      A)
      weight gain
      B)
      high-grade fever
      C)
      Flushed cheeks
      D)
      Night sweats
      E)
      Blood in the sputum
    4. A nurse is assessing a patient who has been admitted with shortness of breath. Which of the following should be the nurse's priority intervention after hearing wheezing upon auscultation of the patient's lungs?
      A)
      Apply supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula.
      B)
      Elevate the head of the bed to a Fowler's position.
      C)
      Administer a bronchodilator as prescribed.
      D)
      Encourage the patient to take deep breaths and cough.
    Page 6 of 12