Exam Review

A patient with acute pancreatitis arrives at the Emergency Department complaining of severe abdominal pain radiating to the back. Which nursing intervention should be prioritized?
A)
Apply warm compresses to the abdomen to reduce pain.
B)
Administer intravenous fluids to maintain hydration.
C)
Administer anti-hypertensive medications to reduce pancreatic workload.
D)
Encourage the patient to eat a light meal to relieve abdominal discomfort.
Which lab finding would the nurse expect to be elevated in a patient with alcoholic hepatitis?
A)
Hemoglobin.
B)
Creatinine.
C)
Albumin.
D)
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST).
A patient presenting with worsening jaundice is diagnosed with obstructive pancreatitis. What intervention should the nurse prioritize?
A)
Recommend dietary adjustment to reduce fatty food intake.
B)
Start vitamin K supplementation to counter bleeding risk.
C)
Prepare the patient for biliary drainage or stenting procedures.
D)
Administer high-dose corticosteroids for inflammation control.
A patient is experiencing lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Which of the following data points should the nurse prioritize during the assessment to identify potential causes and plan appropriate nursing care?
A)
Medications taken, frequency of bowel movements, and abdominal pain.
B)
Patients history of skin conditions and respiratory issues.
C)
Recent travel history and dietary changes.
D)
Family history of cardiovascular diseases and stroke.

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Exam Review

Why are patients with liver disease at increased risk for bleeding?
A)
Portal hypertension increases blood flow to extremities, causing hypercoagulability.
B)
The liver synthesizes clotting factors, and damage reduces clotting factor production.
C)
Enzyme deficiency leads to hypercalcemia, which reduces clotting.
D)
Bile production is compromised, reducing platelet aggregation.
When caring for a patient post-surgical removal of the pancreas, which complication should the nurse prioritize monitoring?
A)
Gastrointestinal bleeding due to surgical trauma.
B)
Hypocalcemia due to parathyroid insufficiency.
C)
Hypovolemia resulting from fluid shift.
D)
Hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus development.
Which nursing intervention is crucial for a critically ill patient with necrotizing pancreatitis?
A)
Administer oral antibiotics to prevent infection.
B)
Provide dietary counseling to prevent malnutrition.
C)
Monitor for signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and septic shock.
D)
Encourage early mobilization to prevent complications.
A nurse is reviewing the discharge plan for a patient who has undergone hip replacement surgery. Which educational topic is most important to prevent postoperative complications?
A)
Discussing dietary preferences to promote weight loss.
B)
Explaining the need to avoid caffeine for six weeks.
C)
Instructing on signs of infection at the surgical site.
D)
Planning a vacation post-recovery.

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Exam Review

A patient presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and a history of recent antibiotic use. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to address the suspected diagnosis of antibiotic-associated diarrhea?
A)
Instruct the patient to discontinue all medications until symptoms resolve.
B)
Assess the patient's hydration status and provide electrolyte solutions as needed.
C)
Encourage the patient to consume a high fiber diet.
D)
Administer anti-diarrheal medication immediately.
A patient presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever. What is the most appropriate initial nursing action to assess the patient's condition?
A)
Administer an antidiarrheal medication immediately.
B)
Order a complete blood count (CBC) for the patient.
C)
Prepare the patient for a colonoscopy.
D)
Obtain a comprehensive dietary history from the patient.
A patient with cirrhosis presents with confusion and elevated ammonia levels. What intervention should the nurse prioritize?
A)
Provide a high-sodium diet to improve circulation.
B)
Administer lactulose as prescribed.
C)
Encourage high-protein meals to compensate for malnutrition.
D)
Administer an analgesic to relieve discomfort.
A patient on lactulose for hepatic encephalopathy shows confusion and asterixis. What should the nurse assess for?
A)
Infection.
B)
Liver function tests.
C)
Electrolyte imbalance.
D)
Constipation.

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Exam Review

Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate for a patient with a paracentesis due to ascites?
A)
Position the patient in prone during the procedure.
B)
Monitor for hypotension and administer IV fluids as prescribed.
C)
Encourage the patient to ambulate immediately post-procedure.
D)
Restrict oral fluid intake during the procedure.
A patient post-cholecystectomy reports shoulder pain. What initial action should the nurse take?
A)
Position the patient into Sim's position.
B)
Administer prescribed analgesics.
C)
Notify the healthcare provider.
D)
Apply warm compresses to the shoulder.
Which of the following are nursing care measures for patients experiencing lower gastrointestinal bleeding? (Select all that apply)
A)
Implement strict bed rest until symptoms resolve.
B)
Monitor vital signs regularly to detect changes in hemodynamic status.
C)
Encourage high-fiber diet immediately to promote bowel movements.
D)
Assess for signs of shock, such as decreased blood pressure and increased heart rate.
E)
Perform abdominal massage to stimulate bowel activity.
F)
Document any changes in stool color and consistency to monitor for blood.
G)
Administer IV fluids and blood products as ordered for stabilization.
A patient presents with abdominal pain, increased gas, and diarrhea. Which condition should the nurse suspect based on these symptoms?
A)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
B)
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD).
C)
Crohn's Disease.
D)
Appendicitis.

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Exam Review

What nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate for a patient with jaundice due to liver disease?
A)
Risk for electrolyte imbalance related to liver dysfunction.
B)
Risk for impaired skin integrity related to bile salt accumulation.
C)
Risk for infection related to portal hypertension.
D)
Risk for ineffective tissue perfusion related to ascites.
Which of the following would be the most appropriate intervention for a patient with advanced liver disease experiencing ascites?
A)
Administer intravenous albumin to improve circulation.
B)
Advocate for immediate liver transplantation.
C)
Encourage the patient to increase salt intake to stabilize blood pressure.
D)
Restrict protein intake entirely to prevent encephalopathy.
Which therapeutic measure is most appropriate for managing a patient presenting with constipation following colon cancer surgery?
A)
Advise bed rest and limit fluid intake.
B)
Administer stool softeners as prescribed.
C)
Encourage the patient to consume a low-fiber diet.
D)
Increase intake of high-protein foods.
A patient is being assessed for gastrointestinal bleeding. Which clinical finding should the nurse prioritize during the assessment?
A)
The patient's last bowel movement.
B)
The patient's history of dietary habits.
C)
The patient's blood pressure and heart rate.
D)
The presence of abdominal pain.

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Exam Review

Which nursing intervention is essential for a patient receiving chemotherapy for colon cancer and reporting frequent nausea?
A)
Increase dietary fats to promote satiety.
B)
Encourage the patient to adhere to fasting before chemotherapy.
C)
Advise the patient to consume acidic beverages.
D)
Administer prescribed antiemetic medications prior to chemotherapy sessions.
A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic pancreatitis who is experiencing significant weight loss and steatorrhea. What should the nurse prioritize in educating the patient?
A)
Engage in vigorous exercise to boost metabolism and maintain weight.
B)
Reduce carbohydrate intake to prevent stress on the pancreas.
C)
Avoid taking prescribed pancreatic enzyme replacement supplements.
D)
Maintain low-fat high-protein snacks throughout the day.
A patient with osteoporosis is prescribed bisphosphonates. What is a key nursing consideration when administering this medication?
A)
Advise the patient to take the medication with milk.
B)
Ensure the patient increases their vitamin C intake.
C)
Administer the medication on a full stomach.
D)
Ensure the patient remains upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication
A patient undergoing radiation therapy for colon cancer complains of decreased appetite. Which nursing action is most appropriate?
A)
Recommend water-only fasting for 24 hours.
B)
Encourage bile acid sequestrants for digestion.
C)
Withhold meals until appetite improves.
D)
Provide small, frequent meals with high-calorie options.

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