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    Exam Review

    1. What is the most important step a nurse should teach a pediatric patient when using a metered dose inhaler (MDI) for asthma management?
      A)
      Use a spacer to enhance medication delivery.
      B)
      Inhale quickly to ensure the medication reaches the lungs.
      C)
      Hold the breath for at least 10 seconds after inhaling.
      D)
      Shake the inhaler vigorously before each use.
    2. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect when assessing a child with epiglottitis? Select all that apply.
      (SATA)
      A)
      Low-grade fever.
      B)
      Drooling.
      C)
      Difficulty swallowing.
      D)
      Stridor.
      E)
      Dry, barking cough.
      F)
      A thick and muffled voice.
    3. According to Erikson's theory, how can caregivers foster a sense of trust in infants during the trust vs. mistrust stage?
      A)
      By providing consistent care and meeting the infant's basic needs.
      B)
      By exposing the infant to a variety of different caregivers.
      C)
      By encouraging infants to explore their environment alone.
      D)
      By allowing infants to self-soothe and become independent.
    4. Which laboratory finding is indicative of bacterial meningitis in a pediatric patient?
      A)
      Negative Gram stain.
      B)
      Clear CSF color.
      C)
      Decreased glucose content in CSF.
      D)
      Normal protein content in CSF.
    Page 1 of 19

    Exam Review

    1. Which clinical presentation is most indicative of a patient with mild persistent asthma?
      A)
      Daily symptoms with nighttime episodes more than once a week.
      B)
      Symptoms occur more than twice a week but not daily, with nighttime episodes three to four times a month.
      C)
      Symptoms occur less than twice a week, with nighttime episodes less than twice a month.
      D)
      Symptoms occur continually with frequent exacerbations.
    2. According to Piaget's theory, which stage of cognitive development is characterized by children beginning to think logically about concrete events?
      A)
      Preoperational Stage.
      B)
      Formal Operational Stage.
      C)
      Sensorimotor Stage.
      D)
      Concrete Operational Stage.
    3. What is a significant genetic risk factor for febrile seizures in children?
      A)
      Having a sibling with asthma.
      B)
      Having parents with migraine history.
      C)
      Having a sibling with febrile seizures.
      D)
      Having a sibling with epilepsy.
    4. What is an expected physical assessment finding for a 6-month-old infant?
      A)
      Can roll over both ways.
      B)
      Can stand holding on to furniture.
      C)
      Can sit without support.
      D)
      Can walk independently.
    Page 2 of 19

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is providing teaching to the guardian of an infant diagnosed with cerebral palsy about possible causes. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in their teaching? Select all that apply.
      (SATA)
      A)
      "Certain genetic disorders that affect muscles are the most common cause of cerebral palsy.”.
      B)
      "A lack of oxygen to the fetus during development is a cause of cerebral palsy.”.
      C)
      "A poor diet during pregnancy can result in a baby being born having cerebral palsy.”.
      D)
      "Trauma to the baby during birth is a major risk factor in cerebral palsy.”.
      E)
      "Premature babies are at a higher risk of developing cerebral palsy.”.
    2. In patients with cystic fibrosis, why is it important to administer pancreatic enzymes with meals and snacks?
      A)
      To enhance the patient's immune response.
      B)
      To increase the patient's blood glucose levels.
      C)
      To prevent dehydration.
      D)
      To assist in the digestion and absorption of nutrients.
    3. A nurse is creating a plan of care for a pediatric client who has been diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Which of the following factors should the nurse consider when planning care?
      A)
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy usually improves as the child gets older.
      B)
      Cognitive impairment can improve with intensive therapy.
      C)
      Speech and vision may be impaired and inhibit communication.
      D)
      Mobility concerns usually arise later in adulthood.
    4. Which of the following feeding techniques is most appropriate for an infant with a cleft palate?
      A)
      Encourage the infant to breastfeed without any adjustments.
      B)
      Use a standard bottle with a regular nipple.
      C)
      Position the infant upright while cradling the head and use a specialized bottle with a one-way valve.
      D)
      Feed the infant while lying flat to ease the feeding process.
    Page 3 of 19

    Exam Review

    1. What is the recommended SpO2 range to maintain in children according to the American Heart Association's 2020 Pediatric Advanced Life Support Guidelines?
      A)
      94
      B)
      90
      C)
      99
      D)
      85
    2. What primary prevention strategy is most effective in reducing unintentional injuries in the pediatric population?
      A)
      Increasing funding for pediatric emergency services.
      B)
      Implementing comprehensive child safety education programs.
      C)
      Promoting nutritional education to prevent obesity.
      D)
      Mandating annual health check-ups for children.
    3. Which of the following is the most appropriate site for placing a pulse oximeter probe on a newborn?
      A)
      Upper arm.
      B)
      Forehead.
      C)
      Around the foot.
      D)
      Abdomen.
    4. What is the biggest risk associated with rheumatic fever that affects cardiac health?
      A)
      Development of valvular heart disease.
      B)
      Cardiomyopathy due to viral infection.
      C)
      Hypertension caused by lifestyle factors.
      D)
      Increased risk of myocardial infarction.
    Page 4 of 19

    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is discussing risks for infection with the parent of an infant. Which of the following should the nurse include?
      A)
      Visits by pediatric providers do not increase a child's risk of infection in the health care setting.
      B)
      Delaying the administration of vaccines does not increase a child's risk for infection.
      C)
      Wash your hands for 10 seconds prior to feeding the baby.
      D)
      An immature immune system increases the risk for infection in children.
    2. A nurse is providing teaching about self-care to an adolescent client who has been diagnosed with lupus. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in their teaching?
      A)
      When a flare-up occurs, you will likely feel better, but this is only temporary.
      B)
      Triggers vary so much, so you may not be able to predict what will make your condition worse.
      C)
      Hormonal changes may cause flare-ups.
      D)
      You may feel very tired, but you need to resist the urge to sleep too much.
    3. A nurse is caring for a newborn 24 hours following birth. The infant was born at 37 weeks of gestation and there were no labor or birth complications. During the genitourinary exam, the nurse palpates the left teste within the inguinal canal, while the right teste is in the scrotum. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
      A)
      Document the finding and report it to the health care provider during routine rounds.
      B)
      Tell the caregiver that their child will likely need surgery before being discharged home.
      C)
      Prepare the infant for transfer to the neonatal intensive care unit.
      D)
      Put in a consult for the pediatric urologic surgeon.
    4. A nurse is teaching a newly hired nurse about motor skill development of school-age clients who are 6 to 12 years old. Which of the following statements by the newly hired nurse demonstrates effective teaching?
      A)
      "Children are expected to count backwards from 20 to 1 by age 7.”.
      B)
      "By age 6, most children can dress and groom themselves.”.
      C)
      "By age 6, most children can use tools such as a screwdriver or hammer.”.
      D)
      "Children engage in motor activities that require balance such as jumping rope by age 6.”.
    Page 5 of 19

    Exam Review

    1. What is the preferred site for administering IM injections in toddlers aged 12 months to 2 years?
      A)
      Dorsogluteal site.
      B)
      Deltoid muscle.
      C)
      Anterolateral aspect of the thigh.
      D)
      Ventrogluteal site.
    2. When administering ear drops to a child under 3 years old, what is the correct way to straighten the ear canal?
      A)
      Pull the auricle straight back.
      B)
      Pull the auricle down and back.
      C)
      Do not pull the auricle at all.
      D)
      Pull the auricle upward and outward.
    3. Which of the following is a classic hallmark sign associated with intussusception in infants?
      A)
      Projectile vomiting.
      B)
      Severe diarrhea.
      C)
      Currant-jelly stools.
      D)
      Bilious vomiting.
    4. What is the primary reason for educating families about the importance of completing antibiotic therapy in pediatric patients with streptococcal pharyngitis?
      A)
      To ensure the child returns to school as soon as possible.
      B)
      To prevent the spread of infection to other family members.
      C)
      To avoid the development of antibiotic resistance in the community.
      D)
      To prevent potential complications such as rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis.
    Page 6 of 19