Exam Review
- A patient presents with a mid-shaft humeral fracture. Which anatomical landmark is most relevant for assessing potential nerve damage?A)Radial grooveB)Greater tubercleC)Coracoid processD)Medial epicondyle
- Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?A)ScapulaB)SternumC)HumerusD)Femur
- Which mineral is most critical for bone hardness and strength?A)IronB)SodiumC)PotassiumD)Calcium
- Which gland produces sebum to lubricate the skin and hair?A)Sebaceous glandB)Apocrine glandC)Eccrine glandD)Ceruminous gland
Exam Review
- Which component of a synovial joint is responsible for reducing friction during movement?A)LigamentsB)Articular cartilageC)Joint capsuleD)Synovial fluid
- During bone growth, the lengthening of long bones occurs at the:A)Medullary cavityB)Epiphyseal plateC)PeriosteumD)Articular cartilage
- Which of the following tissues is defined by its ability to increase tension and contract?A)NerveB)MuscleC)ConnectiveD)Epithelial
- Which integumentary structure is responsible for the sensation of touch and pressure?A)Meissner's corpusclesB)Hair folliclesC)NailsD)Sebaceous glands
Exam Review
- Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption, and what clinical condition might excessive activity lead to?A)Osteoblasts; osteopetrosisB)Osteoclasts; osteoporosisC)Osteocytes; osteoporosisD)Chondrocytes; osteoarthritis
- What is the primary role of ligaments in synovial joints?A)Absorbing shockB)Providing joint stabilityC)Connecting muscles to bonesD)Lubricating the joint
- A patient presents with muscle weakness, and upon examination, you suspect a disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction. Which condition is most likely responsible for these symptoms?A)FibromyalgiaB)Muscular dystrophyC)PolymyositisD)Myasthenia gravis
- Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system?A)Oxygen transportB)Temperature regulationC)Nutrient absorptionD)Hormone secretion
Exam Review
- What is the primary function of articular cartilage in synovial joints?A)To produce synovial fluidB)To connect bonesC)To absorb shock and reduce frictionD)To facilitate nerve signaling
- What is the primary role of calcium ions in muscle contraction?A)To bind to troponin, allowing cross-bridge formationB)To stimulate the release of acetylcholineC)To provide energy for muscle contractionD)To transport oxygen to muscle cells
- Which term describes a joint that is immovable?A)SynovialB)AmphiarthrosisC)SynarthrosisD)Diarthrosis
- Which muscle type is involuntary and found in the walls of hollow organs?A)Striated muscleB)Cardiac muscleC)Smooth muscleD)Skeletal muscle
Exam Review
- Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for the flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint?A)BrachioradialisB)Triceps brachiiC)Biceps brachiiD)Deltoid
- Which of the following correctly matches the bone cell with its primary function?A)Osteoclast-builds new boneB)Chondrocyte-breaks down bone tissueC)Osteoblast-maintains bone matrixD)Osteocyte-monitors and maintains bone tissue
- Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?A)ThyroxineB)CalcitoninC)Growth hormoneD)Parathyroid hormone
- Which structure within the muscle fiber stores calcium ions necessary for muscle contraction?A)T-tubuleB)MitochondriaC)MyofibrilD)Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Exam Review
- During a physical examination, a nurse notes crepitus in a patient's shoulder joint. What does this finding suggest?A)Normal joint functionB)Inflammation of the synovial membraneC)Presence of air in the joint spaceD)Degeneration of joint structures
- Which type of synovial joint is characterized by two flat bone surfaces sliding over each other?A)Hinge jointB)Plane jointC)Ball-and-socket jointD)Saddle joint
- Which bone cell is responsible for bone formation?A)OsteoclastB)OsteoblastC)OsteocyteD)Chondrocyte
- Articular cartilage serves to:A)Absorb calcium for bone strengthB)Anchor ligamentsC)Provide frictionless movement between bonesD)Connect muscles to bones