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    Exam Review

    1. Which of the following represents the overall reaction for aerobic respiration?
      A)
      C6H12O6 + 6 H20 🡪 6 CO2 + 6 02
      B)
      C6H12O6 +602 🡪 6 CO2 + 6 H20
      C)
      C6H12O6 +6 CO2 🡪 6 02 + 6 H20
      D)
      CO2 +6 H20 🡪 C6H12O6 + 6 02
      E)
      6 02+6 H20 🡪 C6H12O6 + 6 CO2
    2. Which of the following is a final product of aerobic respiration?
      A)
      Pyruvate
      B)
      Lactate
      C)
      Glucose
      D)
      Oxygen
      E)
      Carbon dioxide
    3. Glycolysis and aerobic respiration collectively produce up to produce
      A)
      2; about the same, varying from one tissue to another
      B)
      32: none
      C)
      32:2
      D)
      32:36
      E)
      36; about the same, varying from one tissue to another
    4. Which of the following is the accessory organ of digestion responsible for producing bile?
      A)
      Tongue
      B)
      Liver
      C)
      Pancreas
      D)
      Salivary glands
      E)
      Gallbladder
    Page 1 of 18

    Exam Review

    1. . Infants have ________ deciduous teeth, whereas adults have ______ permanent teeth.
      A)
      20; 32
      B)
      16;20
      C)
      28; 20
      D)
      32; 20
      E)
      32; 32
    2. The _________ regulates the flow of contents from the stomach to the duodenum.
      A)
      gastric rugae
      B)
      antrum
      C)
      pyloric sphincter
      D)
      fundus
      E)
      cardial part
    3. Pepsinogen is produced by __________ and is activated by _________ which is secreted by ________.
      A)
      chief cells; carbonic anhydrase (CAH); parietal cells
      B)
      chief cells; hydrochloric acid (HCI); parietal cells
      C)
      parietal cells; hydrochloric acid (HCI): chief cells
      D)
      parietal cells; carbonic anhydrase (CAH); chief cells
      E)
      enteroendocrine cells; carbonic anhydrase (CAH); parietal cells
    4. Hydrochloric acid (HCI) is secreted by _______ cells.
      A)
      mucous
      B)
      regenerative (stem)
      C)
      parietal
      D)
      chief
      E)
      enteroendocrine
    Page 2 of 18

    Exam Review

    1. Which of the following enzymes functions at the lowest pH?
      A)
      Salivary amylase
      B)
      Pancreatic amylase
      C)
      Pepsin
      D)
      Trypsin
      E)
      Dipeptidase
    2. The ________ stores excess glucose and releases it into the blood when needed.
      A)
      Pancreas
      B)
      Stomach
      C)
      Liver
      D)
      Spleen
      E)
      small intestine
    3. Bile from the liver and digestive juices from the pancreas enter which section of the small intestine?
      A)
      Sigmoid colon
      B)
      Duodenum
      C)
      Cecum
      D)
      Ilium
      E)
      Jejunum
    4. The three most abundant classes of nutrients are
      A)
      carbohydrates, proteins, and minerals
      B)
      fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
      C)
      proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates
      D)
      triglycerides, starches, and proteins
      E)
      proteins, fats, and minerals
    Page 3 of 18

    Exam Review

    1. What is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food called?
      A)
      Digestion
      B)
      Ingestion
      C)
      Compaction
      D)
      Absorption
      E)
      Extraction
    2. What are the segments of the small intestine in the order through which food passes?
      A)
      Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
      B)
      Jejunum, duodenum, Ileum
      C)
      Duodenum, ileum, jejunum
      D)
      Oleum, jejunum, duodenum
      E)
      Jejunum, ileum, cecum
    3. Fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic neurons called
      A)
      Baroreceptors
      B)
      Proprioceptors
      C)
      Nociceptors
      D)
      Osmoreceptors
      E)
      Mechanoreceptors
    4. Which of the following represents the complete chemical reaction for the bicarbonate buffer system?
      A)
      CO2 + H20 ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ HCO3 - + H+
      B)
      CO2 + H20 ⇌ HCO3 - + H+ ⇌ H2CO3
      C)
      H2CO3 ⇌ CO2 + H20 ⇌ HCO3 - + H+
    Page 4 of 18

    Exam Review

    1. What is the normal pH of tissue fluid?
      A)
      6.95-7.05
      B)
      7.05-715
      C)
      715-7.25
      D)
      7.25-7.35
      E)
      7.35-7.45
    2. What are the major chemical buffer systems of the body?
      A)
      The urinary and respiratory
      B)
      The urinary and digestive
      C)
      The bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein
      D)
      The bicarbonate, nucleic acids, and protein
      E)
      The bicarbonate, phosphate, and nitrate
    3. In a healthy kidney, very little ________ is filtered by the glomerulus.
      A)
      Amino acids
      B)
      Electrolytes
      C)
      Glucose
      D)
      Vitamins
      E)
      protein
    4. Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen, which is released from the _______ to form angiotensin I.
      A)
      Lungs
      B)
      Kidneys
      C)
      Liver
      D)
      Heart
      E)
      spleen
    Page 5 of 18

    Exam Review

    1. Angiotensin-converting enzyme is found only in the kidneys and converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. True or False
      A)
      True
      B)
      False
    2. What is the order of urine-collecting structures found within the kidney?
      A)
      Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
      B)
      Renal pelvis, major calyx, minor calyx, ureter
      C)
      Ureter, major calyx, minor calyx, renal pelvis
      D)
      Major calyx, minor calyx, ureter, renal pelvis
      E)
      Minor calyx, major calyx, ureter, renal pelvis
    3. . The upper respiratory tract extends from the nose through the
      A)
      Trachea
      B)
      Pharynx
      C)
      Larynx
      D)
      Alveoli
      E)
      Lungs
    4. The heart indents into the _________ of the left lung.
      A)
      oblique fissure
      B)
      hilum
      C)
      арех
      D)
      cardiac notch
      E)
      base
    Page 6 of 18