Exam Review

A nurse is assessing a child who has scabies. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
A)
presence of nits on the hair shaft
B)
line like marks on the hands
C)
small, red bumps on the scalp
D)
pimples on the trunk
A nurse is planning care for a child who has tinea capitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
A)
Treat infected house pets.
B)
Cleanse the area with Burow's solution.
C)
Administer antiviral medications.
D)
Use moist, warm compresses.
The nurse is caring for a child who has contact dermatitis due to poison ivy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply.
(SATA)
A)
Remove the clothing over the rash.
B)
Initiate contact isolation precautions while the rash is present.
C)
Expose the rash to a heat lamp for 15 minutes.
D)
Cleanse the affected skin with a hydrogen peroxide solution.
E)
Apply calamine lotion to the skin.
A child comes to the clinic with a complaint of a rash after a tick bite. Lyme disease is suspected. Which assessment finding would be seen with Lyme disease?
A)
An erythematous rash surrounding a necrotic lesion.
B)
A bright rash with a red outer border circling the bite site.
C)
A diffuse rash over the entire body two months after exposure.
D)
A linear rash of papules and vesicles that occur 1-3 days after exposure.

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Exam Review

The nurse is caring for a child who has a superficial partial-thickness burn. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A)
Administer IV infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride.
B)
Apply cool, wet compresses to the affected area.
C)
Clean the affected area with a soft-bristle brush.
D)
Administer morphine sulfate.
An 18-month-old is admitted to the hospital for full-thickness burns to the anterior chest. The mother asks how the burn will heal. Which statement is accurate about healing of full-thickness burns?
A)
Surgical closure and graft are usually needed.
B)
Healing takes 10-12 days, with little to no scarring.
C)
Healing can take up to six weeks, with a high incidence of scaring.
D)
Pigment in dark-skinned individuals will return to the area.
A 2-year-old is suspected of having cellulitis of the finger. Which organism or condition is the most likely cause of the infection?
A)
parainfluenza virus
B)
respiratory syncytial virus
C)
Escherichia coli
D)
Streptococcus species
An adolescent says her feet itch, sweat a lot, and have a foul odor. What condition does the nurse suspect?
A)
candidiasis
B)
tinea corporis
C)
tinea pedis
D)
molluscum contagiosum

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Exam Review

A nurse is admitting a baby to the newborn nursery. The nurse suspects the baby may have congenital hypothyroidism. Which of the following findings has the nurse likely observed? Select all that apply.
(SATA)
A)
clubfoot
B)
cleft palate
C)
protruding tongue
D)
imperforate anus
E)
short, thick neck
A nurse is educating a young boy about the assessments required to make a diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency. What information should the nurse include in the teaching?
A)
A biopsy of the child's testes will be conducted.
B)
An X-ray of the child's wrists will be performed.
C)
The child will have an MRI of his hypothalamus.
D)
The child will receive IV dye for a pituitary uptake study.
A child with type 1 diabetes mellitus has been diagnosed with ketoacidosis. What laboratory finding is consistent with this diagnosis?
A)
Hemoglobin A1c 5.5%
B)
Fasting blood glucose 124 mg/dl
C)
Serum pH 7.24
D)
Potassium 3.9 mEq/L
The nurse is teaching a parent about therapeutic management of their neonate diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism. Which response by the parent would indicate the need for further teaching?
A)
"My baby will need regular measurements of her thyroxine (T4) levels."
B)
"Treatment involves lifelong thyroid replacement therapy."
C)
"Treatment should begin as soon as possible after diagnosis is made."
D)
"As my baby grows, her thyroid gland will mature, and she won't need medication."

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Exam Review

A nurse should recognize that exophthalmos (protruding eyeballs) may occur in children with:
A)
hypothyroidism.
B)
hyperthyroidism.
C)
hyperparathyroidism.
D)
hypoparathyroidism.
When children are more physically active, which change in management of the child with diabetes should the nurse expect?
A)
increased food intake
B)
decreased food intake
C)
decreased risk of insulin shock
D)
increased risk of hyperglycemia
The currently accepted etiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus takes into account:
A)
genetic factors.
B)
autoimmune mechanisms.
C)
environmental factors.
D)
all of the above.
E)
none of the above.
A 6-year-old involved in a bicycle crash has a right tibia and fibula fracture that has been casted. Which of the following are early signs of compartment syndrome in this child? Select all that apply.
A)
edema
B)
numbness
C)
severe pain
D)
macular rash

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Exam Review

The nurse is teaching about congenital clubfoot in infants. The nurse evaluates the teaching as successful when the parent states that clubfoot is best treated:
A)
immediately after diagnosis.
B)
at age 4-6 months.
C)
prior to walking (9-12 months).
D)
after walking is established (15-18 months).
Emergency treatment for child with fracture includes:
A)
moving the limb to allow for the removal of clothing from the area of injury.
B)
immobilization of the limb, including joints above and below the injury site.
C)
pushing the protruding bone under the skin.
D)
keeping the area of the injury in a dependent position.
The nurse is caring for a 7-year-old after insertion of skeletal traction. Which of the following is contraindicated?
A)
Gently massaging over pressure areas to stimulate circulation.
B)
Releasing the traction when repositioning the child in bed.
C)
Inspecting pin sites for bleeding or infection.
D)
Assessing for alterations in neurovascular status.
A 9-year-old is in a spica cast and complains of pain one hour after receiving IV opioid analgesia. What should the nurse do first?
A)
Give more pain medication.
B)
Perform a circulation assessment.
C)
Call the surgeon for orders.
D)
Change the child's position.

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Exam Review

A child is diagnosed with impetigo. Pustules are the primary lesions found on this child. Which of the following correctly describes pustules?
A)
Lesion filled with pus.
B)
Superficial area of localized edema.
C)
Serous-filled lesions less than 0.5 cm.
D)
Serous-filled lesions more than 0.5 cm.
The parent of a newborn diagnosed with myelomeningocele asks about common long-term complications. What is the nurse's best response?
A)
learning disabilities
B)
urinary tract infections
C)
hydrocephalus
D)
decubitus ulcers and skin breakdown
A child with cerebral palsy (CP) has been fitted for braces and is beginning physical therapy to assist with ambulation. The parents ask why he needs the braces when he was crawling without any assistive devices. What is the nurse's best response?
A)
"The CP has progressed, and he now needs more assistance to ambulate."
B)
"As your child grows, different muscle groups may need more assistance."
C)
"Most children with CP need braces to help with ambulation."
D)
"We have found that when children with CP use braces, they are less likely to fall."
A nurse is discussing the diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with the parents of an 8-year-old. She correctly explains:
A)
DMD is a progressive loss of muscle strength and it will worsen over time.
B)
this is a dominant disorder, so one of the parents likely also has DMD.
C)
muscle function will gradually return, and recovery is possible in most children.
D)
DMD results from an apparently toxic reaction to certain medications.

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