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    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is teaching a class on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which statement, if made by the nurse, is not accurate?
      A)
      It is an autoimmune disease
      B)
      Most people survive the disease, but it can be fatal
      C)
      Family history of SLE is not a risk factor for the disease
      D)
      SLE is a chronic, progressive connective tissue disorder
    2. What is the most common cause of a urinary tract infection?
      A)
      Escherichia coli
      B)
      Staphylococcus aureus
      C)
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      D)
      Klebsiella pneumoniae
    3. Which medication is most likely to increase urine flow?
      A)
      Furosemide
      B)
      Spironolactone
      C)
      Hydrochlorothiazide
      D)
      Mannitol
    4. The nurse is teaching a class about Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Which statement should not be included?
      A)
      It is an inflammatory disease
      B)
      Symptoms can be triggered by stress
      C)
      Treatment is focused on symptom relief
      D)
      Symptoms may include constipation or diarrhea
    Page 1 of 15

    Exam Review

    1. An older adult is admitted to the emergency department after working outside during extremely high temperatures. The client is lethargic and diagnosed with heat stroke. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
      A)
      Administer acetaminophen for pain
      B)
      Remove the client’s clothing
      C)
      Place the client in a hot bath
      D)
      Encourage the client to drink a glass of cold water
    2. A nurse is assessing a client for potential complications related to obesity. Which condition is the client most at risk for due to obesity?
      A)
      Type 2 diabetes mellitus
      B)
      Hypothyroidism
      C)
      Osteoporosis
      D)
      Migraine headaches
    3. Which statement by the nurse explains ascites?
      A)
      Inflammatory molecules have increased the permeability of the abdominal capillaries
      B)
      Low aldosterone levels have caused fluid retention and peritoneal edema
      C)
      The liver is not manufacturing clotting factors to prevent bleeding in the peritoneum
      D)
      The body is experiencing a fluid imbalance related to changing osmotic pressures
    4. The nurse assesses the client for which clinical manifestation associated with a bone fracture?
      A)
      Ecchymosis
      B)
      Crepitus
      C)
      Shock
      D)
      Deformity
    Page 2 of 15

    Exam Review

    1. Which type of bone fracture is likely to take the longest to heal?
      A)
      Undisplaced
      B)
      Compound
      C)
      Greenstick
      D)
      Oblique
    2. Insulin forces which electrolyte out of the plasma and into the cells?
      A)
      Calcium
      B)
      Potassium
      C)
      Magnesium
      D)
      Sodium
    3. The nurse is designing interventions when using cognitive enhancers for clients with Alzheimer’s disease. Which statement is important to include?
      A)
      The use of cognitive enhancers depends on the severity of the symptoms experienced by the client
      B)
      These drugs can be used in all stages of Alzheimer’s disease
      C)
      Medications for anxiety and depression are not helpful once cognitive enhancers are used
      D)
      Cognitive enhancers are also used for seizure management as well
    4. A client is viewing X-rays of a healing bone fracture and asks the nurse if the bone will ever be ‘normal’ again. Based on the nurse’s knowledge of bone healing, what is the best response?
      A)
      The bone will be more ‘normal’ when there is inflammation and hematoma surrounding the fracture site
      B)
      The bone will be more ‘normal’ when callus formation occurs
      C)
      The bone will be more like ‘normal’ when bone-forming cells absorb the callus into woven bone
      D)
      The bone will be more normal when there is a proliferation of osteoclasts at the site
    Page 3 of 15

    Exam Review

    1. Which statement is an important nursing implication in the management of a client who is taking trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for a urinary tract infection?
      A)
      Extended periods outside in sunshine are important for vitamin D for this client
      B)
      Clients should be told to expect brown urine while taking this medication
      C)
      Follow-up with the Health Care Provider is unnecessary
      D)
      Client should be monitored for anemia
    2. A client admitted for injuries from a motor vehicle crash has a history of bipolar disorder for which he takes lithium. What is a major concern of the nurse?
      A)
      Lithium toxicity is likely in the client’s treatment
      B)
      Lithium is completely metabolized by the liver so liver function tests are indicated
      C)
      Lithium requirements increase with stress so additional lithium may be required
      D)
      Lithium has a very narrow therapeutic range so lithium levels should be obtained
    3. A client is scheduled for a procedure for treatment of hyperthyroidism. Prior to the procedure, the client will be given medications to reach an euthyroid state. What is the rationale for doing this?
      A)
      Prevent possible hypothyroidism
      B)
      Prevent thyroid storm
      C)
      Help medications for hyperthyroidism be more effective
      D)
      Minimize the risk of bleeding during the surgical procedure
    4. The nurse is assessing a client with suspected Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Which word or statement is an accurate characteristic of GERD?
      A)
      Melena
      B)
      Heartburn
      C)
      Hematemesis
      D)
      Dysphagia
    Page 4 of 15

    Exam Review

    1. What is the physiologic mechanism behind the development of pyrexia?
      A)
      Release of pyrogens resetting the hypothalamic thermostat
      B)
      Increased peripheral vasoconstriction reducing heat loss
      C)
      Decreased metabolic rate increasing heat production
      D)
      Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the hypothalamus
    2. A client is diagnosed with cholelithiasis. Which condition is least likely to lead to this disorder?
      A)
      Too much absorption of bile acids
      B)
      History of elevated serum calcium
      C)
      History of elevated cholesterol in the diet
      D)
      Inflammation of epithelial tissue
    3. The client’s blood sugar this morning is 50 mg/dL. The client states they are cold, sweating, and clammy. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
      A)
      The blood sugar is normal, the client needs to drink water
      B)
      Give the client fruit juice with additional sugar
      C)
      Give 5 units of insulin
      D)
      Call the healthcare provider immediately
    4. Prednisone is an oral corticosteroid that has less mineralocorticoid activity than other oral steroids. What does the nurse expect when giving this medication?
      A)
      It will cause less extreme hyperglycemia
      B)
      It will cause less sodium and water retention
      C)
      It will cause more sodium retention and less water retention
      D)
      It will cause more extreme hyperglycemia
    Page 5 of 15

    Exam Review

    1. Which statement about phenazopyridine (Pyridium) is accurate?
      A)
      It is used to relieve pain from urinary irritation
      B)
      It should be taken with an antibiotic until both medications are gone
      C)
      It is contraindicated for clients with urinary tract infection to use
      D)
      The drug will relieve discomfort almost immediately
    2. The client with type 2 diabetes mellitus is prescribed semaglutide. The client knows that this medication is used for diabetes but that it is also popular for weight loss. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
      A)
      This drug is safe for the client who is pregnant
      B)
      The drug impacts many factors including the natural hormone GLP-1 to increase insulin production
      C)
      The drug is used for type 1 diabetes mellitus most of the time
      D)
      The blood sugar does not need to be monitored as closely as other medication
    3. The client’s blood glucose level is 220 mg/dL. The client is about to eat breakfast. The prescribed sliding scale indicates that 4 units of insulin lispro (Humalog) be given subcutaneously at 7:30 am. At what time is the client most at risk for hypoglycemia?
      A)
      Today at 8:30 am
      B)
      Today at 7:45 am
      C)
      Today at 12:30 pm
      D)
      Tomorrow at 6:30 am
    4. What is the common mechanism of action for all antidepressants, whether they are SSRIs or tricyclics?
      A)
      Increase efficacy of GABA in limbic system and cortex
      B)
      Block reuptake of norepinephrine and/or serotonin
      C)
      Antagonize dopamine receptors on postsynaptic membrane
      D)
      Antagonize serotonin receptors on postsynaptic membrane
    Page 6 of 15