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    Exam Review

    1. Which term best describes the volume of blood ejected by a ventricle in one minute?
      A)
      Afterload.
      B)
      Cardiac output.
      C)
      Stroke volume.
      D)
      Systole.
    2. A client has expressive aphasia. Which part of the brain is likely affected?
      A)
      Occipital lobe.
      B)
      Wernicke's area.
      C)
      Broca's area.
      D)
      Parietal lobe.
    3. A client has receptive aphasia. Which part of the brain is most likely affected?
      A)
      Occipital lobe.
      B)
      Frontal lobe.
      C)
      Temporal lobe.
      D)
      Parietal lobe.
    4. Which statement indicates understanding by a client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis?
      A)
      This disease affects the peripheral nervous system only.
      B)
      A blood test will confirm this diagnosis.
      C)
      This disease involves the loss of myelin in my central nervous system.
      D)
      My symptoms will be the same every day.
    Page 1 of 15

    Exam Review

    1. Which condition is associated with postural instability and pill-rolling tremors?
      A)
      Huntington's disease.
      B)
      Alzheimer's disease.
      C)
      Parkinson's disease.
      D)
      Multiple sclerosis.
    2. A nurse is providing care to a patient with heart failure. Which of the following findings indicate that the patient has left-sided heart failure?
      A)
      Coughing with frothy sputum.
      B)
      Peripheral and sacral edema.
      C)
      Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly.
      D)
      Jugular vein distention and ascites.
    3. The structure known as the pacemaker of the heart is the:
      A)
      Purkinje fibers.
      B)
      Bundle of His.
      C)
      SA node.
      D)
      AV node.
    4. An inflammation of the innermost lining of the heart, that includes the heart valves, is called:
      A)
      Pericarditis.
      B)
      Myocarditis.
      C)
      Thrombophlebitis.
      D)
      Endocarditis.
    Page 2 of 15

    Exam Review

    1. Which clinical finding most strongly suggests development of pulmonary edema in a client with left-sided heart failure?
      A)
      Bounding peripheral pulses.
      B)
      Increased urinary output at night.
      C)
      Productive cough with frothy sputum.
      D)
      Constipation and dry mucous membranes.
    2. Which findings are consistent with right-sided heart failure?
      (SATA)
      A)
      Orthopnea.
      B)
      Pulmonary congestion.
      C)
      Hepatomegaly.
      D)
      Dependent edema.
      E)
      Ascites.
    3. Select the answer that correctly details blood flow through the heart.
      A)
      Superior and inferior vena cavae - right atrium - bicuspid/mitral valve - right ventricle - pulmonic valve - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary veins - left atrium - tricuspid valve - left ventricle - aortic valve - aorta.
      B)
      Superior and inferior vena cavae - left atrium - tricuspid valve - left ventricle - pulmonic valve - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary veins - right atrium - bicuspid/mitral valve - right ventricle - aortic valve - aorta.
      C)
      Superior and inferior vena cavae - left atrium - bicuspid/mitral valve - left ventricle - aortic valve - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary veins - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonic valve - aorta.
      D)
      Superior and inferior vena cavae - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonic valve - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary veins - left atrium - bicuspid/mitral valve - left ventricle - aortic valve - aorta.
    4. The term used to describe masses of solid material or calculi known as gallstones is:
      A)
      Cholecystitis.
      B)
      Diverticulosis.
      C)
      Cholelithiasis.
      D)
      Diverticulitis.
    Page 3 of 15

    Exam Review

    1. A client presents to the emergency department with complaints of vomiting bright red blood. Which of the following terms best describes this clinical finding?
      A)
      Steatorrhea.
      B)
      Hematemesis.
      C)
      Gastroenteritis.
      D)
      Melena.
    2. A client presents to the emergency department with dark, tarry stools. The nurse would document this finding as:
      A)
      Melena.
      B)
      Hematemesis.
      C)
      Thrombocytopenia.
      D)
      Hematochezia.
    3. A client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) reports worsening symptoms when lying down after meals. What physiological factor is most likely contributing to this exacerbation?
      A)
      Increased intra-abdominal pressure.
      B)
      Hyposecretion of gastric acid.
      C)
      Delayed gastric emptying.
      D)
      Weakness of the lower esophageal sphincter.
    4. Perforation of the gastric wall as a result of severe peptic ulcer disease (PUD) may result in which complication?
      A)
      Hemorrhage.
      B)
      Cholelithiasis.
      C)
      Pancreatitis.
      D)
      Gastritis.
    Page 4 of 15

    Exam Review

    1. A client with cirrhosis and portal hypertension has developed esophageal varices. For which complication is this client most at risk?
      A)
      Angina.
      B)
      Hemorrhage.
      C)
      Gastroesophageal reflux.
      D)
      Hypoglycemia.
    2. A client presents with yellowing of the eyes and skin. Which of the following should the nurse evaluate as a potential cause of this condition?
      A)
      Appendicitis.
      B)
      Cirrhosis.
      C)
      Ulcerative colitis.
      D)
      Diverticulosis.
    3. A nurse is providing education on hepatitis to a group of nursing students. Which type of hepatitis is primarily transmitted through contaminated food or water?
      A)
      Hepatitis D.
      B)
      Hepatitis A.
      C)
      Hepatitis C.
      D)
      Hepatitis B.
    4. A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with hepatitis. What is the most likely mode of transmission for this client?
      A)
      Exposure to infected blood or body fluids.
      B)
      Respiratory droplets.
      C)
      Contaminated food or water.
      D)
      Casual contact.
    Page 5 of 15

    Exam Review

    1. A client presents with inflamed small pouches in the colon lining. Which condition is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
      A)
      Gastritis.
      B)
      Appendicitis.
      C)
      Ulcerative colitis.
      D)
      Diverticulitis.
    2. Based on cardiac anatomy and blood flow, where would more deoxygenated blood be found in the heart?
      A)
      In the aorta.
      B)
      In the right atrium and right ventricle.
      C)
      In the pulmonary veins.
      D)
      In the left atrium and left ventricle.
    3. The term preload refers to:
      A)
      the rate at which the heart beats per minute.
      B)
      the resistance the left ventricle must overcome to eject blood.
      C)
      the amount of blood returning to the heart that stretches the ventricles before contraction.
      D)
      the pressure within the arteries during relaxation.
    4. A nurse is caring for a child who is admitted with right lower quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Which condition does the nurse suspect?
      A)
      Gastroesophageal reflux disease.
      B)
      Appendicitis.
      C)
      Cirrhosis.
      D)
      Cholecystitis.
    Page 6 of 15