Pathophysiology Proctored Exam

Which assessment finding alerts the nurse to the possibility of decreased cardiac output in the patient who suddenly develops atrial fibrillation?

A patient has been diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) and was told she has a small plaque in the lumen of a coronary artery. The patient is placed on an EKG monitor during her chest pain epi

A woman presents to a clinic with JVD (jugular venous distension), liver congestion, ascites, and ankle edema. Upon auscultation of her heart, the RN notes a murmur. The etiologies that would best acc

A nurse is examining a patient who reports burning on urination and a low-grade fever. On physical examination, the nurse notes constant right-sided costovertebral tenderness. Based on this presentati

A patient is admitted to the emergency department with left-sided chest trauma. Which statement best identifies why the formation of a tension pneumothorax can result in a life-threatening condition f

A woman is evaluated by a nurse practitioner. She describes a two-day history of an abnormal vaginal discharge and constant pelvic-area pain. She also states "It hurts to move at all." The pain patter

A patient diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) would likely have

A week after recovering from strep throat, a child is diagnosed with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Expected signs and symptoms (S&S) of a patient diagnosed with glomerulonephritis include whi

A nurse is caring for a patient who has complete kidney failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which treatment will the nurse anticipate for this patient?

A woman is upset because of issues with infertility. While talking with the nurse practitioner, she attempts to understand how endometriosis can cause infertility. Which response, by the nurse, indica

A week after recovering from strep throat, a child is diagnosed with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. The pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis in this context usually includes:

A patient states that he is "not peeing nearly as much as usual, even though I am drinking my usual amount of fluids." He voids a small amount of urine to submit for a urinalysis (UA). The specific gr

A patient presents with acute oliguria. Lab tests are done to pinpoint the cause. The nurse believes the patient has developed intra-renal acute kidney injury (AKI), based on which typical finding?

A patient has had chronic kidney disease (CKD) for many years. The patient sustains a hip fracture. The high risk of fractures is related to a(n)

Which one statement is true? VQ ratio: norm = 0.8

A young girl with a history of asthma is brought to her family nurse practitioner (FNP). The child is wheezing and has prolonged expirations. The basic etiology of her signs and symptoms (S&S) include

Which assessment finding is expected in a child diagnosed with croup?

The signs and symptoms (S&S) of respiratory failure may be identified in the patient who has a(n):

A nurse is examining an overweight elderly man and notices cyanosis and clubbing of the fingers. The nurse suspects _____ and requests a _____.

A nurse is listening to the lungs of a hospitalized post-surgical patient and notes diminished breath sounds in the right lower lobe. The patient has an elevated temperature and green sputum. These fi

A patient arrives at the clinic for his yearly physical. His vital signs include a blood pressure of 170/110. The patient is prescribed an ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor. This medicatio

A nurse is teaching a patient diagnosed with emphysema to use the pursed-lip method of breathing. The purpose of this method of breathing is to promote

A patient has been diagnosed with a thrombus in the popliteal vein. When asked what causes deep vein thrombosis (DVT), the nurse would include which factors in a response?

A patient is newly diagnosed with hypertension. The nurse suggests a dietary sodium reduction to help lower blood pressure. What rationale should the nurse share for reducing sodium intake?

A patient's ABG results are: pH 7.50, PCO2 25, HCO3 25, PO2 80. Which finding should the nurse expect as the body compensates for the acid-base imbalance?