Infection Control and Asepsis

Overview

Infection control involves practices aimed at preventing the spread of microorganisms in healthcare settings. It is based on the principles of medical and surgical asepsis and the implementation of standard and transmission-based precautions. Protecting the patient and the healthcare worker is the primary goal of these interventions.

Key nursing concepts

• The chain of infection includes the infectious agent, reservoir, and host.
• Medical asepsis (clean technique) reduces the number of organisms.
• Surgical asepsis (sterile technique) eliminates all microorganisms.
• Standard precautions apply to all patients regardless of diagnosis.
• Transmission-based precautions include contact, droplet, and airborne.
• Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) increase morbidity and costs.

Important nursing considerations

• Monitor for signs of localized infection such as redness and warmth.
• Assess for systemic infection signs including fever and leukocytosis.
• Maintain a sterile field during invasive procedures like catheterization.
• Use personal protective equipment (PPE) based on the mode of transmission.
• Ensure contaminated items are disposed of in biohazard bags.
• Change dressings using aseptic technique to prevent secondary infections.

Patient teaching

• Demonstrate proper handwashing technique for at least 20 seconds.
• Explain the importance of completing the full course of antibiotics.
• Teach the 'respiratory etiquette' of coughing into the elbow.
• Instruct on signs of wound infection that require reporting.

Related practice questions

Real questions from the NursGuru bank, each with the answer and rationale.

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Infection Control and Asepsis flashcards

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