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    Exam Review

    1. A 3-year-old child is diagnosed with otitis media.What is a key sign the nurse might expect the caregiver to report?
      A)
      The child stares blankly for prolonged periods.
      B)
      The child rubs or pulls at the affected ear.
      C)
      The child shows hyperactivity.
      D)
      The child sleeps excessively.
    2. A 5-year-old child is admitted to the emergency department with partial-thickness burns covering the face and neck after a kitchen accident.Which assessment should the nurse prioritize upon the child's arrival?
      A)
      Observing for signs of respiratory distress.
      B)
      Monitoring vital signs for indications of shock.
      C)
      Obtaining a detailed history of the burn incident.
      D)
      Evaluating the extent and depth of the burns.
    3. A nurse in a pediatric clinic is assessing a 6-week-old infant whose parent reports frequent episodes of inconsolable crying, especially in the evening, lasting several hours and several weeks.The infant has a normal physical exam, is gaining weight appropriately, and feeds well.Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend to the parent to help manage the infant's symptoms?
      A)
      Provide tummy time immediately after each feeding.
      B)
      Change the infant's formula to a soy-based formula.
      C)
      Administer omeprazole drops with every feeding.
      D)
      Offer soothing techniques such as swaddling and rhythmic rocking during crying episodes.
    4. A 15-year-old patient presents to the clinic with this rash transmitted.They report spending time hiking in wooded areas two weeks ago.Identify what arachnid caused this rash, and what is the name of the disease that can be.
      A)
      A tick caused the rash, and the disease is Lyme disease.
      B)
      A spider caused the rash, and the disease is Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
      C)
      A mite caused the rash, and the disease is scabies.
      D)
      A chigger caused the rash, and the disease is chigger dermatitis.
    Page 1 of 14

    Exam Review

    1. A child with acute glomerulonephritis is experiencing hematuria.Which intervention is most appropriate?
      A)
      Administer analgesics.
      B)
      Provide a high-protein diet.
      C)
      Monitor urine output.
      D)
      Encourage fluid intake.
    2. A 7-year-old child accidentally touches a hot stove, resulting in redness on his palm without blisters.What type of burn is this?
      A)
      First-degree burn.
      B)
      Second-degree burn.
      C)
      Third-degree burn.
      D)
      Full-thickness burn.
    3. A 7-year-old child accidentally touches a hot stove, resulting in redness on his palm without blisters.What layer of the skin is affected?
      A)
      Epidermis.
      B)
      Dermis.
      C)
      Subcutaneous tissue.
      D)
      Muscle tissue.
    4. A 7-year-old child accidentally touches a hot stove, resulting in redness on his palm without blisters.Which of the following is the most appropriate initial action?
      A)
      Immerse the burn in cool tap water for at least 10 minutes.
      B)
      Cover the burn with a dry, sterile gauze bandage immediately.
      C)
      Apply a topical antibiotic ointment to prevent infection.
      D)
      Apply an ice pack to the burned area to reduce swelling.
    Page 2 of 14

    Exam Review

    1. A 7-year-old child enjoys building models and participating in team sports.What developmental stage is this consistent with?
      A)
      Industry vs inferiority.
      B)
      Initiative vs guilt.
      C)
      Autonomy vs shame.
      D)
      Identity vs role confusion.
    2. The nurse is evaluating a 7-month-old infant brought in for excessive crying and vomiting.Which finding supports a diagnosis of intussusception?
      A)
      Currant jelly stools and drawing knees to chest.
      B)
      Ribbon-like stools and visible peristalsis.
      C)
      Explosive watery diarrhea and fever.
      D)
      Bright red blood in stool with no other symptoms.
    3. The nurse is caring for a post-operative pyloromyotomy infant.Which of the following interventions should be performed first?
      A)
      Begin feeding with small amounts of electrolyte solution.
      B)
      Encourage parental bonding and cuddling.
      C)
      Document the surgical site appearance.
      D)
      Identify signs of pain using an appropriate pain scale.
    4. A 4-year-old child is brought to the pediatric clinic with complaints of abdominal swelling.On examination, a firm, non-tender mass is palpable in the right flank.The child's mother reports no pain or fever but mentions that her child was born with aniridia (genetic eye disorder). Based on these findings, what is the most likely diagnosis?
      A)
      Nephroblastoma.
      B)
      Neuroblastoma.
      C)
      Hepatoblastoma.
      D)
      Hydronephrosis.
    Page 3 of 14

    Exam Review

    1. A 7-year-old child is brought to the clinic with complaints of an itchy, red rash on both hands.The parent reports that the child recently started using a new brand of scented hand soap.Upon examination, the nurse observes erythematous, dry, and scaly patches on the dorsum of both hands, without vesicles or oozing.The child has no significant medical history and is otherwise in good health.Which of the following is the most likely cause of the child's skin condition?
      A)
      Allergic reaction to a food item.
      B)
      Irritant contact dermatitis due to the new scented hand soap.
      C)
      Fungal infection acquired from a pet.
      D)
      Atopic dermatitis (eczema) exacerbation.
    2. What nursing action is appropriate when treating a hospitalized child with pediculosis?
      A)
      No precautions are needed.
      B)
      Wear gown, gloves, and hair cover.
      C)
      Isolate the child in a negative-pressure room.
      D)
      Wear gloves only.
    3. A nurse is assessing a child diagnosed with appendicitis.Which finding requires immediate intervention?
      A)
      High elevation in white blood cell count.
      B)
      Guarding and rebound tenderness.
      C)
      Sudden relief of pain followed by rigid abdomen and fever.
      D)
      Abdominal tenderness in the right lower quadrant.
    4. The nurse teaches parents about drowning risks.Which group is at greatest risk?
      A)
      Preschoolers.
      B)
      Toddlers.
      C)
      Infants.
      D)
      Teenagers.
    Page 4 of 14

    Exam Review

    1. A 6-year-old child presents to the pediatric clinic with the following (pictured) sores around the nose and mouth.The child's parent reports that these lesions began as small red spots that quickly developed into blisters, which then ruptured and formed into what appears in the picture.The child recently recovered from a mild cold and has been attending daycare regularly.Based on this presentation, what is the name of the rash shown in the picture, and what bacteria is the most likely cause of the child's condition?
      A)
      The rash is likely impetigo, caused by *Staphylococcus aureus*.
      B)
      The rash is likely herpes simplex, caused by the herpes simplex virus.
      C)
      The rash is likely ringworm, caused by a fungal infection.
      D)
      The rash is likely contact dermatitis, caused by an irritant.
    2. A child diagnosed with celiac disease is being educated on dietary restrictions.Which food should the nurse instruct the child to avoid?
      A)
      Corn.
      B)
      Rice.
      C)
      Wheat.
      D)
      Oats.
    3. A nurse is assessing a toddler for developmental milestones.At what age should a child be able to build a tower of six cubes?
      A)
      18 months.
      B)
      36 months.
      C)
      24 months.
      D)
      12 months.
    4. A 6-year-old child with a history of epilepsy is admitted to the pediatric unit following a breakthrough generalized tonic-clonic seizure at home.Which interventions should the nurse implement to ensure the child's safety? (Select all that apply.)
      A)
      Ensure suction equipment is readily available at the bedside.
      B)
      Instruct the child to remain in bed at all times.
      C)
      Pad the side rails of the child's bed.
      D)
      Educate the parents on how to administer rectal diazepam if a seizure occurs at home.
      E)
      Place the child in a supine position during sleep.
    Page 5 of 14

    Exam Review

    1. A child with type 1 diabetes is being discharged.Which statement by the parent indicates a need for further teaching?
      A)
      "I will ensure my child eats a balanced diet.”.
      B)
      "I can give my child regular soda if their blood sugar is low.”.
      C)
      "I need to monitor for signs of hyperglycemia.”.
      D)
      "I will check my child's blood glucose regularly.”.
    2. What is the earliest age at which a child should be evaluated for scoliosis?
      A)
      15.
      B)
      7.
      C)
      10.
      D)
      5.
    3. A nurse is caring for a child with intussusception.Which finding would indicate a potential complication?
      A)
      Lethargy.
      B)
      Ribbon-like stools.
      C)
      Elevated temperature.
      D)
      Currant jelly stools.
      E)
      Projectile vomiting.
    4. What social behavior is most typical of the school-aged child?
      A)
      Parallel play.
      B)
      Associative play.
      C)
      Imitation of adult roles.
      D)
      Same-sex peer group activity.
    Page 6 of 14