Advanced Pathophysiology Proctored Exam

A 50-year-old female with Graves disease will most likely have which one of the following symptoms?

Lack of thyroid hormone in an infant (congenital hypothyroidism) is associated with growth and mental retardation. Name this condition:

A 54-year-old woman dies 48 hours after suffering severe head injuries in an automobile accident. Just before her death, her left pupil became fixed and dilated (oculomotor nerve palsy). Which of the

A 40-year-old woman noted a "swelling" on the anterior side of her lower neck. She had no other symptoms. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

This is a common disease of the endocrine pancreas that is associated with aging, lack of exercise, and obesity:

A 50-year-old man who is obese has an elevated blood glucose level. A glucose tolerance test in the office shows hyperglycemia. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism in the pathogenesis

A 70-year-old man has a history of difficulty walking. On examination, the patient appears stiff and stooped, shows an expressionless face, and speaks in a monotonous voice. A tremor of his fingers is

A 55-year-old patient presents with progressive weakness, sensory loss, and impaired motor coordination. MRI findings demonstrate patchy areas of demyelination within the brainstem and cervical spinal

A 8-year-old girl with a history of chronic otitis media develops a cystic lesion in the temporal lobe of her brain. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 50-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room complaining that she has the "worst headache" of her life. The patient is diagnosed with a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Imaging reveals a saccular (ber

Examination of the brain at autopsy reveals a watershed pattern of cerebral infarction. The patient was unconscious for 2 days before he expired. Which of the following best describes the pathogenesis

A 36-year-old woman complains of dull pelvic pain for 9 months that is accentuated during menstruation. Physical examination and endocrinological studies are normal. Laparoscopy reveals multiple, smal

A 65-year-old woman presents with a 3-week history of intractable headaches. Her vital signs and CBC are normal. Two weeks later the patient develops left-sided hemiparesis. MRI reveals a large, necro

A 53-year-old woman discovers a lump in her breast. Physical examination confirms a mass about 1 cm in diameter in the outer quadrant of the left breast. Mammography reveals an ill-defined, stellate d

Injury to which of the following areas of the central nervous system would adversely affect the control of fine movement as well as equilibrium, posture, and motor learning?

A 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency room with fever, vomiting, and convulsions. The patient is febrile to 39.5°C (103.1°F). Physical examination reveals cervical rigidity and neck pai

A 48-year-old woman presented with complaints of sweating a lot, feeling hot, and being constantly tired. She had a fast pulse rate and reported feeling constantly hungry. On examination, she was foun

Which of the following endocrine disorders is associated with a failure of the adrenal glands to produce sufficient glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and weak androgens?

A 38-year-old patient is diagnosed with a thyroid adenoma that autonomously secretes excessive thyroxine (T4), independent of hypothalamic and pituitary regulation. Despite persistently elevated circu

A 26-year-old woman presents for a routine physical examination and a cervical Pap smear is taken. Exfoliated cervical cells from the exocervix are examined by light microscopy. Which of the following

A patient demonstrates well-circumscribed cystic lesions without calcifications or architectural distortion. Breast biopsy shows cyst formation, stromal fibrosis, and apocrine metaplasia, with no epit

Primary hyperparathyroidism (stones, bones, moans, groans) is most commonly caused by which of the following conditions?

The nurse is teaching a patient regarding risk factors for breast cancer. The strongest association with increased risk for breast cancer is which of the following?

A patient is brought to the emergency room with severe, unremitting watery diarrhea. Which of the following is a tumor in your patient?

Which of the following regions of the central nervous system regulates body temperature?