Advanced Pathophysiology Proctored Exam

Which of the following is the most likely anatomic location of a berry aneurysm?

A 30-year-old woman, who is not pregnant, has not menstruated for 4 months and is now producing milk from her breasts. Which of the following pathologic findings/conditions is most likely responsible

A 46-year-old woman presents with fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Laboratory testing reveals elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and decreased free thyroxine (T4). A thyroid biopsy

Preeclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. What is the most likely underlying pathophysiologic mechanism for this condition?

Spongiform encephalopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases that occur sporadically and may be characterized by slowly progressive ataxia and dementia. The infectious agents of these neurolo

A 45-year-old obese woman (BMI 32) with a history of diabetes mellitus and poorly controlled hypertension complains of increased menstrual blood flow of 3 months duration. An endometrial biopsy reveal

A 50-year-old white woman with hyperthyroidism is likely to have which one of the following complexes or symptoms?

Which of the following is a complication of pelvic inflammatory disease?

A 40-year-old man notices enlargement of his hands and feet (suddenly ill-fitting shoes). The patient has a prominent lower jaw and his teeth have become separated from one another. What is the approp

A 35-year-old nulliparous woman complains that her breasts are both swollen and nodular upon palpation. Breast biopsy reveals cystic duct dilation and ductal epithelial hyperplasia without atypia. Wha

A 25-year-old woman is referred to the gynecologist for treatment of infertility. The patient is obese (BMI 32 kg/m2) and has pronounced facial hair (hirsutism). She states that she has always had irr

A 45-year-old white woman with hypothyroidism presents with which of the following clinical features?

A 54-year-old woman dies 48 hours after suffering severe head injuries in an automobile accident. Just before her death, her left pupil became fixed and dilated (oculomotor nerve palsy). Which of the

Which of the following is a primary pathophysiologic mechanism involved in the development of preeclampsia?

A 32-year-old woman with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) reports episodes of blurred vision and lower-extremity weakness that partially resolve over several months. After 12 years of disea

A patient presents with a large ovarian mass. Histological examination reveals a tumor composed of cells that resemble those of the fetal testis, often producing androgens. Which of the following is t

Name a common disease of the endocrine pancreas that is associated with aging, lack of exercise, and obesity.

A 50-year-old man became extremely obese, with fat accumulating most markedly on his upper trunk. He had a red rounded face and almost translucent skin that was prone to bruising. What is the first qu

A 75-year-old woman with a history of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis is found to have an atherosclerotic aneurysm in her brain. Which of the following is the major complication of this pathologic

A 30-year-old pregnant patient develops hypertension, proteinuria, and headache at 32 weeks gestation. Which underlying process initiates preeclampsia?

The development of ischemic heart disease, renal failure, and blindness in patients with diabetes mellitus relates, largely, to the severity and chronicity of which of the following?

A 30-year-old woman complains of painful swelling of her breasts. Physical examination reveals nodular, fluctuating masses. This condition is most commonly seen in which of the following?

A 30-year-old pregnant patient develops hypertension, proteinuria, and headache at 32 weeks gestation. Which underlying process initiates preeclampsia?

A neonate is noted at birth to have a neural tube defect. Examination of the subcutaneous lesion reveals disorganized neural tissue with entrapment of nerve roots. What is the most appropriate diagnos