Pathophysiology Proctored Exam Jefferson College

At autopsy, the brain of an 80-year-old man was found to have thinned gyri and widened sulci. What is the name for this pathology finding associated with chronic persistent injury?

A 42-year-old woman gives birth to a neonate with multiple congenital abnormalities. Physical findings included a flat facial profile, slanted eyes, epicanthal folds, Brushfield spots, short nose, sho

A 50-year-old woman with a history of smoking presents to the emergency department with fever, chest pain, and relentless coughing. A bronchial biopsy reveals fragments of mature squamous epithelium w

A 35-year-old man asks for advice regarding seasonal eye itching and runny nose. What immune cell is primarily responsible for the symptoms of this patient's seasonal allergies?

A hard slap on the face of a young man produced an area of redness (erythema). Which of the following mechanisms of disease best explains the pathogenesis of this response to acute injury?

This cervical biopsy shows neoplastic cells occupying the full thickness of the epithelium, confined by the underlying basement membrane (shown). What is the appropriate pathologic diagnosis? \

A tall, infertile 18-year-old man was found to have atrophic testes, increased follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in the serum, and an abnormal karyotype. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Group A blood transfusion is administered by mistake to a group B individual. The patient develops intravascular hemolysis and mild jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia). Which of the following mechanisms of

Reflux of DNAase and RNAase into the nucleus during the process of cell death may result in the complete loss of nuclear chromatin (as evidenced by lack of nuclear staining with hematoxylin). Which of

On rare occasions, an exchange of fragments of DNA between non-homologous chromosomes may occur during both meiotic and mitotic cell divisions. Which of the following terms best describes this chromos

The parents of a child with cleft lip and cleft palate visit a genetic councilor to discuss the chances that a similar birth defect will occur in their future offspring. This birth defect shows which

An 18-year-old gardener presents to her family physician for treatment of what she describes as "poison ivy" of 48 hours duration. The patient's hands and arms appear red and are covered with oozing b

A 23-year-old woman undergoes minor surgery to remove a benign mole from the back of her neck. Wound contraction at the site of the surgical incision is mediated, primarily, by which of the following

Which of the following is a vasoactive mediator of inflammation that is released from platelets upon stimulation?

A 72-year-old man dies of complications of pneumococcal pneumonia. Histological examination of the lungs at autopsy shows acute inflammatory cells within the pulmonary alveoli (shown). At higher magni

A 52-year-old man presents with a skin lesion on his face that he first noticed 6 months ago (shown). This potentially malignant neoplasm of the skin is derived from which of the following cells?

A 58-year-old woman with a history of colon cancer presents with 3 months of increasing shortness of breath. A chest x-ray reveals numerous "coin lesions" in both lungs. Histologic examination of an o

Biopsy of endocervix in a 38-year-old woman shows an area of normal squamous epithelium (image shown). There is not evidence of cytologic atypia (no evidence of neoplasia). Which of the following term

Hageman factor (clotting factor XII) is activated at sites of vascular injury by contact with which of the following biomolecules?

A 40-year-old man is examined by a new family physician who discovers numerous benign neoplasms on his face and chest (patient shown). What is the most likely diagnosis?

A research laboratory at your hospital is studying the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens in immunology and infectious disease. Class I MHC antigens are crucial for regula

A 45-year-old woman complains of severe headaches and difficulty swallowing. Over the past 6 months, she has noticed small, red lesions around her mouth as well as thickening of her skin. The patient

A 36-year-old woman presents with a suspicious-looking mole on her left forearm. Biopsy confirms the diagnosis of melanoma. Metastatic spread of this common skin neoplasm is most closely associated wi

Three days after a purified protein derivative (PPD) isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was injected into the dermis of a patient, a 1-cm area of hardening (induration) was observed. This indura

A young man complains that he develops a runny nose and sneezes whenever he is close to cats. Which of the following mechanisms disease is the most important cause of sneezing in this patient with an